The drug tamoxifen has been used to treat some types of breast cancer. Suppose even among female patients with the same tumor grade there is variation in responsiveness to tamoxifen. It is also found that this variation is at least partly genetic; his variation is at least partly genetic; women with a relative who had a low responsiveness to the drug are at higher risk of low responsiveness to the drug The target of tamoxifen is a protein called the estrogen receptor. A. Outline how a “candidate gene approach” could be conducted to investigate whether variation in the gene for estrogen receptor affects tamoxifen responsiveness

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.