1. What is the equation that describes Ro for this model?

4 A I. Refer to the figure below and answer the following questions: 45 5 55 6 65 PH 7 75 8.5 0 10 B 15 20 25 30 35 Temperature (°C) 40 45 Legend: Blue - wild-type ß-galactosidase; Red - mutant ß-galactosidase a. What is the optimum pH of wild type ß-galactosidase? b. What is the optimum temperature of mutant ß-galactosidase? c. Which enzyme has the greater activity at pH 7.2? d. Which enzyme has the greater activity at a temperature of 42.5°C? e. Which enzyme has greater activity if pH decreases from 7.5 to 6.4? f. Which enzyme has greater activity if temperature increases from 40°C to 41 °C? 50 55

25. Assume we are performing a 2x serial dilution series of methylene similar to WL-1. If your original, 1x tube is designated "Tube 1", then what would be the relative concentration of methylene blue in Tube 4? a. Tube 4 is the 8x dilution tube. The concentration of methylene blue in this tube is 1/8 that of the original tube. b. Tube 4 is the 8x dilution tube. The concentration of methylene blue in this tube is 8 times that of the original tube. c. Tube 4 is the 4x dilution tube. The concentration of methylene blue in this tube is 4 times that of the original tube. d. Tube 4 is the dilution 10x tube. The concentration of methylene blue in this tube is 1/10 that of the original tube. e. None of the above

3. Consider the molecule dopamine (shown). Given that its pKa(NH3¹) = 10.9. a. What pH range would dopamine be a good buffer at? b. Draw the structures of the predominant species in solution at (i) pH 7, (ii) pH 10, and (iii) pH 12. c. At what pH range do you expect dopamine to be most water soluble? d. At what pH do you expect dopamine to be most hexane soluble? НО. HO + NH3 pka = 10.9

7. [10'] For a bacteriophage 77, the following data at zero concentration have been obtained: Sedimentation coefficient: $20,w = 453 S. Diffusion coefficient: D₂0. = 6.03×10-8 cm² s¹¹. 20,w Specific volume V20 = 0.639 cm³ g¹ Calculate the molecular mass M of the bacteriophage.

3. Consider a hypothetical chemical reaction: WKNO3 → xK + yN2 +zO2. (a) Write a system of 3 equations in the 4 variables w, x, y, z that represents the reaction. (b) Explain why the only solution is w = x = y = z = 0. That is, the reaction is impossible for mathematical reasons.

4. The "Gibbs Reflective Cycle" be explained. In each phase of the reflective cycle, provide an example.?

4. If gentamycin and digoxin have first-order distribution rate constants of 0.14 min-¹ and 0.52 h¹¹ respectively, approximately how long will it take for distribution to go to about 95% completion for each drug?

5. Anesthetic gases used in surgery are known to bind to the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells. The diagram below illustrates O2 binding curves of normal human HbA in the presence of the anesthetic gas dichloromethane (DCM). O UNTREATED 100 a Dсм 23 Torr Symbols: в Dсм 50 Torr x DCM I00 Torr o, 0 Torr DCM; O, 23 Torr DCM A, 50 Torr DCM x, 100 Torr DCM. 80 60 40 (1 Torr = 1 mm Hg.) 20 The solutions were buffered to pH 7.4. 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 log p02 (a) (* Hill plots. Label the axes and indicate on both the plot above and the Hill plot where the value of the dissociation equilibrium constant Ka for O2 binding is defined for 0 and 100 Torr of dichloromethane For the curves at 0 and 100 Torr of dichloromethane, draw their equivalent in the form of Kd Hb(O2)n Hb + nO2 % OXYGENATION

How would I create a bar graph using the Hardy -Weinberg Equation data ?