Q: What is PTEN and what is its relationship to cancer?
A: Introduction: PTEN stands for Phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 and is a…
Q: What are the normal functions of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene?
A: The BRCA1 gene codes for the protein that causes breast cancer type 1. BRCA1 is a human tumour…
Q: The development of colon cancer is particularly well- studied, and often has a predictable order of…
A: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 1/3 most frequent cancer in men and the 2nd most frequent cancer in…
Q: Certain types of cancer can lead to humoral hypercalcemiaof malignancy. True or false?
A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with the uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…
Q: Why is it important to learn more about the causes of colon cancer? And why is colon cancer…
A:
Q: A general principle of physiology is that structure is a determinant of—and has coevolved…
A: The digestive system in animals is responsible for the digestion and absorption of food. From the…
Q: Exlplain the cause pancreatic cancer ?
A: Answer: Introduction: Pancreatic cancer take place if cells in the pancreas undergoes mutation in…
Q: What is the function of beta cells of pancreas?
A: Pancreas located in the abdomen. It performs two functions in the body 1. It secret digestive…
Q: in regards to pancreatic cancer, what chemical process are disrupted at the cellular level, that…
A: Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer in which malignant cells form in the tissues of the pancreas.…
Q: Define E-cadherin activity is lostduring the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and during…
A: Introduction: Cadherins are a type of molecule that helps in cell adhesion and is named so for their…
Q: In a study, where the causal relationship between alcohol drinking and colon cancer was studied,…
A: Certain cells exhibit uncontrolled division resulting in a large mass of cells called tumor. This…
Q: could certain diets promote a healthier renewal of cells in the gut epithelium or increase…
A: A healthy diet consists of vegetables, whole grains, fruits, and fat-free or low-fat milk or milk…
Q: Describe/list the steps of how p53 can cause the GI phase to stall.
A: The p53 growth suppressor macromolecule plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle and…
Q: How is a stem cell that will give rise to intestinal epithelial cells the same as an intestinal…
A: The intestinal epithelium has a complex anatomical structure that aids motility as well as organized…
Q: Explain why the pancreas is both an endocrine and anexocrine gland.
A: The glands of the endocrine system are known as endocrine glands which produce chemical molecules…
Q: For vitamin supplement/ agouti mice and betel nut chewing/ cancer, describe the connection that they…
A: Agouti mice were variety of mice having yellow fur instead of white and they were obese then normal…
Q: Crohn disease causes inflammatory reactions that damage the lining of the intestines. In areas where…
A: Crohn's disease is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the digestive tract that causes abdominal…
Q: Which combination of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and repair enzymes is LEAST likely to develop a…
A: 8. Normally, the human body have controlled cell growth and division i.e. new cells are created to…
Q: Development of cancer is a multi-step process; a.How does information on the onset of cancer agree…
A: Development of cancer takes place by the growth of mass due to abnormal changes occurring in a cell.…
Q: ? Everyone has a palladin gene, but not everyone gets pancreatic cancer. What might be a more…
A: Cancer is a deadly disease that involves uncontrolled division of cells and their spread to…
Q: Give an example of the nonproteolytic enzymes secreted by the pancreas?
A: Pancreas It develops from endoderm, which is soft, lobulated and elongated organ situated between…
Q: Among the vertebrates, mammals have the largest number of beta-cells in their pancreas? Why is this…
A: The pancreas is found beneath the stomach. It looks like a pear is there. It is approx six inches…
Q: Please explain the picture what activates the zymogens in pancreatin specifically trypsinogen,…
A: Enzymes made in the pancreas are secreted into the duodenum for the breakdown of different…
Q: Explain the upward migration of enterocytes in colon. What is the role of Wnt factors and…
A: Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is widely accepted as a tumor suppressor gene highly mutated in…
Q: Which of the following describes hyperplasia of fat cells? O It is the decrease in the size of fat…
A: Fat cells also known as the adipocytes are basically the cells that are involved in storage of the…
Q: What does the cancer stage refer to
A: A cancer's stage explains the size of the primary tumour and how far the cancer has spread across…
Q: In regards to pancreatic cancer, are there any genetic mutations that lead to the condition?
A: Pancreas is an essential abdominal organ, whose chief function is to convert the food into fuel to…
Q: Although the data may be controversial, it is likely that an increase in which of the following in…
A: Colon or colorectal cancer is the malignant tumor that arises in the colon (inner wall of large…
Q: What is a genetic mutation? How do they influence the synthesis of proteins and/or the onset of…
A: Answer: MUTATION = It is the change or alteration in any substance , nucleotide sequence, where it…
Q: The pancreas secretes some inactivated enzymes for activation. What enzymes are these? Discuss the…
A: Pancreas is a gland which functions as both endocrine as well as exocrine. It is an organ of…
Q: Under what circumstances is cancer considered to have ahereditary component?
A: The abnormal growth of cells that leads to deleterious effects in the body is referred to as cancer.…
Q: If pancreatic cancer occurs, explain the way it reaches the ovary.
A: Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer in which malignant cells form in the tissues of the…
Q: From what embryonic layer (ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm) are the hepatocytes of the liver and the…
A: Humans and several other animals are triploblastic, in that during embryological development, the…
Q: How does the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contribute to tumorigenesis and disease…
A: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be a method within which epithelial cells acquire…
Q: What is the function of alpha cells of pancreas?
A: Pancreatic islets, likewise called the islets of Langerhans, are areas of the pancreas that contain…
Q: Which is a correct statement about the Na+/K+ transporter (pump), and its cytology and cellular…
A: Right now, nerve impulses are traveling throughout your body. None of these impulses would be…
Q: Why do individuals with cystic fibrosis have pancreatic insufficiency?
A: Cystic fibrosis is caused by the a defect in the CFTR gene. This mutation in the gene causes cells…
Q: Is there any epithelial surface modification in the pancreas? What is it?
A: Epithelium is the covering which forms the outer layer of most of the organs. Epithelial surface…
Q: During allostasis the SNS signals the liver to release what two substances?
A: Allostasis refers to the “stability through change”. It is the process of maintaining stability or…
Q: Why does the pancreas secrete some enzymes in theirinactive forms, and where are these enzymes…
A: The pancreas is an organ situated in the midsection that is the abdomen. It assumes a fundamental…
Q: What is the most common cause of liver cancer?
A: A tumour that can develop anywhere in the liver is called liver cancer. On the top right side of…
Q: Which of the following types of cell is present in the human gastric glands? 1. Mucus neck cells,…
A:
Q: Many drugs and toxins cause liver damage. Which of the following is the best explanation for why the…
A: Because of its extraordinary digestion and cozy relationship with the gastrointestinal lot, the…
Q: How are dietary components related to cancer?
A: A dysfunctional cell cycle regulatory system is the cause of cancer. Cells continue to proliferate…
Q: The pancreas is subdivided into an endocrine portion that secretes substances like somatostatin, and…
A: The pancreas is located just below the stomach adjacent to the spleen. It is connected to the…
Q: Describe the secretory pathway. To what destinations does this pathway deliver proteins and other…
A: A cell is the basic key of life that is capable of performing all the functions of life and also…
in regards to pancreatic cancer, what mechanisms fail at the cellular level that disrupts homeostasis?
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- What is the sequential pattern of mutations commonly observed in the development of colorectal adenocarcinoma, and how do these genetic alterations contribute to tumorigenesis and disease progression? Discuss key genes and signaling pathways involved, including APC, KRAS, and TP53 and describe how these mutations disrupt normal cellular functions and promote uncontrolled growth in colorectal cancer.Although cancer is not a contagious disease in humans or other vertebrates, there have been rare cases in which cancers have spread from one organism to another. Describe three cases of these contagious cancers and what conditions might have led to their appearance. For an introduction to this topic, see http:// www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/is-cancer-contagious.Barth Syndrome describe how it impacts overall cellular function in those afflicted by the disorder?
- What is the significance of studying cell movement, particulary the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, in the study of cancer?Mutations in p53 are commonly associated with malignant tumor formation. Do deleterious mutations in p53 usually lead to a loss of function or gain of function of the protein?When some cancer cells produce growth factors that stimulate their own division leading to continuous self- stimulation for cell division it is referred to as a) TNF tumor necrosis factor b) AGS autocrine growth stimulation
- Understand how a cancer cell from a primary benign tumor is able to leave the primary benign tumor and enter the blood stream or lymph (migration), start to adhere and grow in a nearby environment like a blood vessel near an organ (invasion) and enter into a new organ to grow and form a secondary tumor ( extravasation). What proteins would be involved in these steps and what molecular changes in the ECM or basal lamina would need to occur as well as the cancer cell for this process to happen.Which of the following is true of tumor suppressor genes? Group of answer choices a) If this gene is overactive, it becomes an oncogene b) If one of the alleles is mutated, there is usually little effect. Two inactivating mutations are usually required for loss of function (recessive mutation). c) If one copy is lost, the gene no longer functions (dominant mutation) d) Tumor suppressors genes usually cause mitosis or cell growth e) Tumor suppressor genes decrease apoptosisIn order for certain cancers to propagate, they require a growth factor known as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). What does VEGF signal the cell to do and how does this promote the propagation of cancer cells?
- Which component of cell division machinery is frequently targeted by anti-cancer drugs? Can you explain the common side-effects of chemotherapy (e.g. hair loss, mucositis) based on this information?Individuals with the hereditary disorder ataxia telangiectasia suffer from neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, and an increased incidence of cancer. The genetic basis for ataxia telangiectasia is a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding ATM (ATM; ataxia telangiectasia mutated). Besides p53, what other substrate is phosphorylated by ATM? How does the phosphorylation of this substrate lead to inactivation of CDKs to enforce cell cycle arrest?What is inflammation? Describe the main characteristics of inflammation. What characterizes chronic inflammatory disorders? What is the role of NFkB in inflammation and cancer? What are the mechanisms and strategies to inhibit excessive and chronic inflammation? answer should be one page long
