A general principle of physiology is that structure is a determinant of—and has coevolved with—function. One example highlighted in this chapter is the large surface area provided by the villous and microvillous structure of the cells lining the small intestine
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A general principle of physiology is that structure is a determinant of—and has coevolved with—function. One example highlighted in this chapter is the large surface area provided by the villous and microvillous structure of the cells lining the small intestine
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- Which is a correct statement about the Na+/K+ transporter (pump), and its cytology and cellular role? It is found the basal side of intestinal epithelial cells, pumping Na+ out of the cell into the blood. It is found on the plasma membrane of neurons, pumping Na+ into axons from the blood. It is found on the membrane of the lysosome, pumping K+ into the lumen of the lysosome. It is found on the apical side of intestinal epithelia, pumping K+ into the lumen of the intestine.In order to allow the diffusion of islet beta cells encapsulated within the medical scaffold into the pancreas to provide a functional pancreas, which material would be ideal for that out of collagen, fibrin, and silk?Consider the following nutrients: (water, simple sugar (glucose), amino acid, and fatty acid). Describe where each one is absorbed in the small intestine and which mechanism (active transport, facilitated diffusion, or simple diffusion) drives their movement into the bloodstream. Please be detailed with your explanation
- During a study of digestion, a health 25-year-old woman volunteers to eat a large meal consisting of turkey dressing, sweet potatoes, mashed potatoes peas and rolls. She then has pecan pie and coffee. Gastric studies show an immediate response in this subject with the secretion of acid and pepsinogen. In addition toacetylcholine and gastrin which of the following substances is necessary for maximal acid secretion by the stomach in this woman?A) CholecystokininB) EnterokinaseC) HistamineD) PepsinogenE) SecretinDescribe what happens if the food that reaches the duodenum contains a lot of fat and a lot of protein. The answer must state, among other things: How is Gastric emptying − Hydrochloric acid secretion − Bile release − Pancreatic release (exocrine)s are affected by the respective stimuli (fat and protein) and how (ie increases or decreases the activity). What type of cell senses stimuli and how these cells react. The different signaling pathways (including the neurotransmitters involved) that control the different mechanisms affected by the respective stimuli. Feel free to drawThe neural and hormonal control of the digestive system is divisible into three phases. Discuss the gastric phase of the regulation which produces more than 50% of gastric acid.
- The smooth muscle cells are arranged in two different ways in intestinal wall. Explain the significance of two different arrangements of smooth muscle cells in intestinal wall i.e. how these arrangements relate to the function.Put the following terms in their correct order from the simplest to the most complex. Skin cell, Integumentary system , Epithelial tissue, Stem cell , Skin, Organism The stomach produces hydrochloric acid which increases the acidity of the stomach to digest the food. However, the small intestine are not damaged by strongly acidic food coming from the stomach. How does our body avoids damaging the small intestine with this strongly acidic food passes out of the stomach?Describe the intestine as a barrier function
- Secondary transporters: describe transport of glucose into intestinal epithelial cellsMr. Johnson has a gallstone (a stone) that completely obstructs the normal flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum. Explain how the digestion of carbohydrates (polysaccharides and disaccharides), lipids (triglycerides), proteins, and nucleic acids would be affected throughout the digestive tract, starting in the mouth and ending in the microvilli of the cells in the small intestine. Make one paragraph per molecule.According to the definition, structure and functions of epithelial tissues, the small intestine: * O O Has the same epithelium with the gallbladder (simple columnar), but not gland type Not unicellular,has a secretory portions and ducts that branch repeatedly Itis simple gland which their secretions are transported to the target site by the blood Considers a multicellular, tubular gland and belongs to simple glands with unbranched duct