In recombination studies of the rII locus in phage T4, what is the significance of the value determined by calculating phage growth in the K12 versus the B strains of E. coli following simultaneous infection in E. coli B? Which value is always greater?

If you Infect the Jurkat T lymphocyte cell line with HIV-1 strain IIIB. Lyse the infected cells at the peak cytopathic effect and isolate DNA from the whole cell lysates. What minimum biosafety  Level (1-4) by the BMBL  will be used for this experiment?

When performing phage typing, how would one know whether that bacterium is killed by any of the bacteriophages?

Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?

Comparison of the genomes of wild-type bovine tuberculosis strains of Mycobacterium bovis and contemporary M. bovis-derived Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine strains with that of a virulent reference strain of M. tuberculosis indicated that almost 100 M. tuberculosis genes were found to be “missing” from all of the M. bovis and BCG isolates that were used for making making the vaccines. Describe how you might isolate and identify those genes that are unique to M. tuberculosis.

Based on the fingerprint, do you think Son and Father were independently infected by L. monocytogenes from two different sources, or from the same source? Explain your answer in simplest terms

In an analysis of five rII mutants, complementation testing yielded the following results:

What is the purpose of wild type (C.elegans) grown on plates seeded with pos-1 ?   What is the purpse of wild type (C.elegans) RNAi feeding strain egl-1 grown on the OP50 seeded plate?

Have a look at the results in this SDS-PAGE gel. A MW ladder is shown. In the "control" lane, a sample of recombinant protein "LBT3" was loaded. Lane A shows proteins that have been prepared from leukocytes from a normal, healthy individual. Lanes B, C, D, E and F show protein prepared from leukocytes from individuals with lymphoma. What is the best explanation for the result shown for patient D? 200 150 100 75 50 37 20 Weight, kDa MW ladder Control A

Knock out mice that are mutant for a gene product X die. Variants of the X gene that were reintroduced through homologous recombination indicate that variant proteins that lack the C-terminal region of the protein cannot rescue the lethality (did not allow them to live), and always localized to the cytoplasm. Those that retained the C-terminal region rescued the lethality (conferred viability!) and were consistently localized within the nucleus. RNA-seq analysis of the mutant cells vs the wild-type cells indicated that the expression of many genes that are essential for neural function was reduced in the knock-out mutant cells. The N-terminal region of Protein X is 100% conserved between mouse and humans at both the amino acid and the nucleotide level. The predicted mouse mRNA sequence is shown below where the AUG corresponds to the translational start site (AUG). 5’-AUGUUUACAGAGGGGAAU... -3’     d) What motif could be present to direct this protein to its correct destination?  e)…