In most species containing individuals that are either male or female, the proportion of males and females changes over time. This graph shows shifting male female ratios in a wasp population over 10years. Based on the data shown in the graph, select the statements that describe what happens whenever one sex becomes rare or common Percent male or female 100% 80% 60%- 40% 20% 0 Proportion of male and female wasps in a population over a 10-year period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Year Males ● Females 8 9 10 When one sex becomes either more rare or more common, parents produce an equal number of sons and daughters. The sex ratio returns to an equal number of males and females. When one sex becomes rare, the other sex becomes common due to random fluctuations in the production of male and female offspring. The fitness of the parents is not affected. When one sex becomes rare, parents producing that sex have higher fitness due to a higher probability of mating success in their offspring. The rare sex becomes more common. O When one sex becomes common, parents producing that sex have reduced fitness due to a lower probability of mating success in their offspring. The common sex becomes rarer.

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Assume you are studying a species of slug where the eggs are fertilized and transferred to the male. As a result the male is not able to increase reproductive success by mating with multiple partners. Therefore which of the following about sexual selection in this species is not true?      Females are more likely to develop traits that signal genetic quality to males.      Females will be able to increase reproductive success with increased mating partners.      Sexual selection in males will lead them to be choosy with what females they mate with.      Sexual selection in males will lead them to mate indiscriminately when they find a female.

A population is made up of individuals where 77 have the A1A1 genotype, 65 have the A1 A2 genotype, and 123 have the A2A2 genotype. What is the allele frequency of A1? Answer to 2 decimal places.

The following table provides phenotypic data for a population of mammoths living in cold environments based on fossil and DNA evidence. Based on this data and your knowledge of natural selection, which explanation best explains the trends seen in the data? Individuals with thicker fur had a survival advantage in the cold environment, allowing these individuals to reproduce more often and create more offspring.   Individuals within this population of mammoths tend to only mate with individuals that have thick fur.   This population of mammoths appear to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium since no allele frequencies are changing over time.   Individuals with thick fur migrated into the population of mammoths, increasing the proportion of these individuals.

Brown fur helps unicorns blend into their environment better than white fur. Therefore, brown furred unicorns are more likely to survive predators and hunters compared to white furred unicorns. If fur colour is a heritable trait, how would the population change over time? Describe how the proportion of individuals with brown versus white fur would change over time, if at all. What process is occurring in the population?