For each of the following, identify whether it will primarily cause changes in allele frequency, genotype frequency, either allele or genotype frequency (depending on the situation), or no change is expected. Assortative Mating Mutation Migration Selection Genetic Drift [Choose ] [Choose ] allele frequency no change is expected genotype frequency either allele or genotype frequency [Choose ] [Choose ] allele frequency

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Which of the following fitness relationships among three genotypes at a single locus represents the pattern expected with overdominance? Qw11= w22 > w12 w12= w11= w22 w12 » w11 > w22 w11 » w12 > w22 Ow11> w22 > w12

Based on the information (graph attached) , what genes do you think are likely shaped by positive selection? What do the results mean for our understanding of COVID-19?

Imagine a remote island inhabited by a population of lizards. To determine if this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for gene X, which of the following conditions must be met? The lizard population should be at least 100 individuals and close to other large populations to avoid genetic drift. No selection, meaning that all individuals have an equal chance of survival and reproduction No gene flow due to migration between the island and other lizard populations Random mating among lizards without any preference to gene X No measurably significant mutations occurring in the lizard population at gene X

Among a particular population of 100 plants, red flowers are dominant and yellow flowers are recessive. F is the dominant allele and f is the recessive allele. 40 plants are homozygous dominant • 44 plants are heterozygous 16 plants are homozygous recessive Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate the equilibrium frequencies of each genotype

The F2 distribution of three human traits are shown in the graphs below. Which of the three traits is most likely the result of the largest number of genes? Trait 1 ratio: 1441 Classes Trait 2 ratie 11s20151 Classes Trait 3 F ratio 12420281 Classes OCengage Leaning It is not possible to tell how many genes are involved in a trait form the F2 distribution O All three traits are equally likely the result of multiple genes Trait 1 Trait 3 Trait 2 % of individuals % of individuals % of individuals

A population is currently in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to the A locus. If (positive) assortative mating occurs for one generation, the expected outcome is an increase in the frequency of the OA allele. a allele. homozygous genotypes (A/A and a/a). O heterozygous genotype (A/a).

The following alleles exist in combs of chickens: Comb Shape Description Genotype Single Comb homozygous for both r and p rrpp Walnut comb both dominant alleles are present; R and P alleles are present R_P_ Pea comb the dominant allele P is present and the dominant allele R is absent rrP_ Rose comb the dominant allele R is present and the dominant allele P is absent R_pp Which of the following represents the correct phenotypes of the F2 offspring? Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 3/16 9/16 1/16 3/16   b. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 1/16 9/16 3/16 3/16   c. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 3/16 1/16 9/16 3/16   d. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 9/16 3/16 3/16 1/16

You decide to examine call duration in Canadian toads at Big Lake near Edmonton. Call duration in the toads is determined by a single autosomal locus "noisy", at which there are two alleles (N & n). You observe three distinct call patterns in the toad population: Long duration, intermediate duration and short duration calls. Based on research from Dr. Phoney Balloni longer calling is dominant to short duration. On one evening at Big Lake you and your socially distanced assistants record the phenotypes of the toads in the table below. Phenotype No. of individuals Long 123 Intermediate 226 Short 101 Determine whether the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. a) What are the frequencies of N and n?. b) What are the expected frequencies for each phenotype? c) Is the population is in HW equilibrium?