In a wild-type cell, the function of a protein encoded by a tumor-suppressor gene is to cause a cell to ______. A.) stop dividing B.)extend its telomeres C.) grow toward a new blood vessel D.) respond to a growth factor
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- Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor gene? a) they are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. b) they are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses. c) they encode proteins that help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. d) they often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.Why would the failure of the p53 tumor supressor gene be more likely to cause cancer in a seventy year old person compared to a ten year old person? Group of answer choices A) The seventy year old is more likely to have pre-existing failures in cell cycle control B) cells divide more rapidly as people get older C) there are fewer mutations in genes controlling the cell cycle in older people D)the p53 gene never works well in old peopleWhich of the following is 'a characteristic of malignant tumors, but not benign tumors? O a) Mutation of genes that promote apoptosis O b) Mutation of genes that stop cell division O c) Metastasis O d) Proliferation
- Mutations in cancer cells: a.) only cause the tumor to grow if it's an inherited mutation b.) always cause the disease c.) may cause the tumor to grow and may be "bystanders"Which of the following is true of tumor suppressor genes? Group of answer choices a) If this gene is overactive, it becomes an oncogene b) If one of the alleles is mutated, there is usually little effect. Two inactivating mutations are usually required for loss of function (recessive mutation). c) If one copy is lost, the gene no longer functions (dominant mutation) d) Tumor suppressors genes usually cause mitosis or cell growth e) Tumor suppressor genes decrease apoptosisBRCA1 is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein. If a person inherits a mutation in BRCA1, it greatly increases his or her risk of developing breast cancer. Are the cancer-causing mutations in the BRCA1 gene more likely to: A) not affect expression of the gene B) increase expression of the gene C) decrease expression of the gene
- Characterize the differences between tumor cells and normal cells in terms of the following properties. In cancer cells, how might each of these properties contribute to tumor progression? a) contact inhibition b) autocrine stimulation c) apoptosis d) senescence due to telomere shortening e) genomic stability f) angiogenises g) metastasisWhy is p53 considered a tumor suppressor protein? Question 12 options: a) Because p53 normally detects breaks in DNA. b) Because p53 normally causes progression from G1 to S phase to halt until damaged DNA is fully repaired. c) Because p53 normally repairs breaks in DNA. d) Because p53 normally stimulates transcription of Repair Polymerase. e) Because p53 normally reduces the mutation rate of DNA polymerase.Put a checkmark next to any of the following scenarios that would make it MORE likely that a cell would divide when it is not supposed to, increasing the chance that it would become cancerous. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. A) A tumor suppressor gene is over-expressed B) A cyclin gene is mutated so that it is expressed at all times during the cell cycle C) A cyclin-dependent kinase gene is mutated so that in the Cdk is no longer dependent on its cyclin D) A Cdk gene is mutated so that the Cdk protein is not made E) Mutation of an oncogene that causes it to no longer be expressed F) A proto-oncogene gene is expressed at higher than normal levels G) The p53 gene is mutated so that no p53 protein is made
- one question with multiple parts! 1A) If you were a cancer biologist interested in developing new drugs that will slow down cancer cell metastasis, which of the following strategies would be most effective? a)Develop an activator of mitosis b)Make Her2 protein that is more active on the surface of the cancer cells c) Develop a molecule that increases telomerase activity d) Gene therapy to add a mutated p53 gene to the cancer cells 1B) You are a genetic counsellor, and a couple comes to you with concerns that if they have a child together the child could have the X-linked recessive disease Duchene muscular dystrophy. The man has the disease whereas the woman is a carrier. Which of the following would be a true statement to tell them? a) 100% of their male offspring will likely be carriers of the recessive allele that causes the disease b) 75% of their female offspring will likely be carriers of the recessive allele that causes the disease c) 100% of their male offspring will likely…Which is true for cancer cells: 1) Cell death occurs after a determined number of cell divisions 2) Contact with other cells reduces chance of cell division 3) Cell division occurs in the presence of stop signals.Which of the following mutations is MOST likely to cause cancer? A) a mutation that causes a cyclin gene to be expressed at all times during the cell cycle B) a mutation that causes an oncogene to be turned off so that no protein is made C) a mutation that causes a Cdk gene to be turned off so that no protein is made D) a mutation that causes a tumor suppressor gene to be over-expressed