Is the following statements consistent with the provided data? Answer TRUE if the statement is consistent with the data.Answer FALSE if the statement is not consistent with the data. 1. According to the phylogeny toads are monophyletic.2. According to the phylogeny a group composed of the spring peeper and the chorus frog is monophyletic.3. If climate change results in less snowpack during the winter months, then wood frog survival will increase. CWood FrogBullfrog1Green frogMink frogLeopard FrogAmerican toadFowler's toadSpring peeperChorus frogGray tree frog= overlap of two species (both species here)Isotherm of -6.6 °CHistorical averageyearly temperatureChurchillNewfoundlandFigure 1. Mitochondrial phylogeny of the frogs of Ontario alongside a map of North America showing theoverlapping distribution of the leopard frog (orange) and the wood frog (purple). Both species of frogsexist in the area in yellow. The red line is the isotherm that delimits an historical mean averagetemperature of -6 °C. A study by Costanzo et al. (1993) compared the freeze-tolerant wood frog and the freeze-intolerantleopard frog. Here is the full summary as it appears on the article that was published:SUMMARYFreeze tolerance in the wood frog is promoted by multiple, integrated physiological responses to iceforming within body tissues. By analyzing the freezing responses of the sympatric, but freeze intolerant,leopard frog, we sought clues to the evolution of anuran freeze tolerance. Physiological responses criticalto the wood frog's freeze tolerance, such as the synthesis and distribution of the cryoprotectant glucose,protective dehydration of organs, and deferred cardiac failure, were present, but comparatively lesspronounced, in leopard frogs. Both species were innately tolerant of hyperglycemia. Glucosesupplements did not enhance the freezing viability of leopard frogs, although in vitro tests ofcryoprotectant efficacy revealed that glucose and glycerol provided comparable protection toerythrocytes of both species. We conclude that the evolution of freeze tolerance in the wood frog is notonly promoted by its desiccation tolerance and the fortuitous biophysical consequences of freezing (e.g.,exothermic induction of cardioacceleration and moderation of cooling rate) but also involves aprogressive enhancement of fundamental physiological stress responses.Costanzo et al. found the following:1. Only the wood frog naturally produces ahigh concentration of glucose.2.Both species are able to tolerate very highglucose levels in the lab.3.Experimentally elevating glucose levels inthe leopard frog does not make them freeze-tolerant.The concluding paragraph reads:CONCLUSIONSome factors promoting frog freeze tolerance, such as the exothermy that induces increased heart rateand moderates cooling rate, are merely fortuitous biophysical effects of freezing. Other attributes, suchas high glucose tolerance and cell sensitivity to cryoprotection by glucose, were shared by leopardfrogs and thus may exemplify preadaptations to freeze tolerance. The prominent physiologicaldynamics associated with freezing of wood frogs, such as glucose mobilization and pronounced organdehydration, may represent fundamental stress responses that were enhanced through naturalselection for their current role in promoting freeze tolerance.

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that presents the evolutionary relationship between the organisms.…

Wood Frog Bullfrog Green frog Mink frog Leopard Frog American toad Fowler's toad Spring peeper Gray tree frog Chorus frog = overlap of two species (both species here) Isotherm of -6.6 °C Historical average yearly temperature 2005 Churchill Newfoundland Figure 1. Mitochondrial phylogeny of the frogs of Ontario alongside a map of North America showing the overlapping distribution of the leopard frog (orange) and the wood frog (purple). Both species of frogs exist in the area in yellow. The red line is the isotherm that delimits an historical mean average temperaturo of 6 °C

Wood Frog Bullfrog Green frog Mink frog Leopard Frog American toad Fowler's toad Spring peeper Gray tree frog Chorus frog = overlap of two species (both species here) Isotherm of -6.6 °C Historical average yearly temperature 2005 Churchill Newfoundland Figure 1. Mitochondrial phylogeny of the frogs of Ontario alongside a map of North America showing the overlapping distribution of the leopard frog (orange) and the wood frog (purple). Both species of frogs exist in the area in yellow. The red line is the isotherm that delimits an historical mean average temperaturo of 6 °C

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter18: Organizing Information About Species

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2DAA: Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a...

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Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. Which species on the cladogram represents an outgroup?
Activity 3. Understanding the Cladogram Direction: Examine the illustration below and answer the questions thereafter. Fixt Amphibiats Reptites Dirds Rodentu Primles Fou shells FHair / fur Arriruote agg Four lintas Vorlebrao Eskaryntes Fig. 1. A cladogram of some familiar animals. Retnieved from https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standand-level/topic-5-evolution-and-biodi/54-cladistics/cladograms.html Activity Questions: 1. What characteristics do primates and rodents have in common? 2. Which Rodents? of animals are birds more closely related to? Reptiles or group 3. What do amphibians, reptiles, birds, rodents, and primates have in common? 4. What characteristic is unique only to birds and reptiles? 5. Fish and primates have a common ancestor. What characteristic does this ancestor have?
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The Insecta includes centipedes chewing and sucking lice |more than 500,000 species all arthropods with wings less than 500,000 species
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In the phylogeny shown, how many species lack males that grow horns? Threshold mechanism 1 Threshold mechanism 2 Coprapkanana emn Saleaph en Ogste pinkr thoyn palare hyn plan Phanon palemo Phaneos kiry Phene pros Phanus qeadride Phanan dr Phanonur vinder Phan w Pun Phener chel e Phanon drn Phanan ei Phan Phanen Phan farienss Phann es Caption: Evolution of two thresholds mapped onto a phylogeny of 22 species of phanaeine scarabs with indicators for horn size. a. None O b. 11 Oc. All O d. 7 О е. 2 0000
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What type of body symmetry does the animal in this picture have? bilateral symmctry Oasymmetry O radial symmetry 99+
C Comic Strip A 10 Major Cur X G Why is phylur x W Nerlyn messa x G 4. What is reg x b Ar A bartleby.com/questions-and-answers/differentiate-the-various-classes-of-phylum-arthropoda-based-on-the-followi = bartleby Q Search for textbooks, step-by-step explanations to homework questions, a.. ience /Biology Q&A Library/ Differentiate the various classes of Phylum Arthropoda based on the following: Body regions, Differentiate the various classes of Phylum Arthropoda based Start your trialnow! Firstweek only $4.99! → Question Differentiate the various classes of Phylum Arthropoda based on the following: Body regions, Respiratory organ and Appendages. ***** 2 Ratings Expert Answer Tagged in Science IAWant to soe the sten.hv-sten answer? Type here to search ASUS i回

Bilateral symmetry is a(n) A B C O synapomorphic O ancestral claws O derived O analogous * trait for the species on this tree D E F wings exoskeleton hair + bilateral symmetry G H four limbs vertebrae wings scales 2 pts
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group or students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade was (until recently) controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. Its particularly lacked the old tent odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the Poouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the Poouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clades closest relative (FIGURE 18.11). FIGURE 18.11 Hawaiian honeycreeper phylogeny. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreeper and 28 other finch species. 1. Which species on the cladogram represents an outgroup?