Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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In a randomly mating population of mice, 3 out of 200 mice are anemic. Anemia is a recessive condition where the affected mice do not have enough red blood cells to carry the required oxygen molecules to the tissues.
What is the expected frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype for anemia in this population?
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- Genotypes of leopard frogs from a population in central Kansas were determined for a locus (M) that encodes the enzyme malate dehydrogenase. The following numbers of genotypes were observed: Calculate the genotypic and allelic frequencies for the population (round to the nearest thousandth). f(M1M1) = f(M1M2) = f(M2M2) = f(M1M3) = f(M2M3) = f(M3M3) = f(M1) = f(M2) = f(M3) = What would be the expected number of each genotype (round to the nearest whole number assuming genotype represents an individual) assuming the population was in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium? f(M1M1) = f(M1M2) = f(M2M2) = f(M1M3) = f(M2M3) = f(M3M3) = Referencing a p-value of 0.05 and a CV of 11.070, state if the population is in HWE. Genotype Observed Expected O–E (O–E)2 (O–E)2/E M1M1 M1M2 M2M2 M1M3 M2M3 M3M3 Chi-squared = Statement:…arrow_forwardIn a region of Africa, where malaria is prevalent, 40% of the population are found to have sickle-cell anemia. The disease is caused by an abnormal hemoglobin that is found in both homozygotes (S2S2) and heterozygotes (S1S2). Many homozygotes (S2S2) suffer from anemia and often die. Heterozygotes (S1S2) incur a much less debilitating malady called "sickling trait". Approximately 3% of the people with abnormal hemoglobin are homozygotes (1.2\% of the entire population). The fitness of the S2S2 homozygotes is only 1/4 that of the heterozygotes. Where malaria is prevalent, heterozygotes exhibit overdominance with respect to fitness. How would you calculate relative fitness of the S1S1 homozygotes if you're assuming the population is at an equilibrium frequency for S2?arrow_forwardThere are four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. However, there are three alleles that control blood types: IA, IB, and i. Alleles IA and IB are codominant, and the allele "i" is recessive. What are the two genotypes for type A blood? What are the two genotypes for type B blood? What is the one genotype for type AB blood? What is the one genotype for type O blood? 1.arrow_forward
- describe the most likely cause of a heritable phenotypic change in some members of a population of asexually reproducing organisms. Explain how repeated exposure of the artesunate-sensitive Plasmodium strain to increasing concentrations of artesunate led to the development of the artesunate-resistant Plasmodium strain.arrow_forwardA mutation in an of the recessive hemoglobin gene on chromosome 11 causes sickle-cell disease, but also confers malaria resistance. The allele frequency in African Americans is 14%. 1. What percent of the population have two copies of the gene and are therefore immune to malaria? 2. What percent of the population are less susceptible to malaria but do not have sickle-cell anemia since they are heterozygous?arrow_forwardWith regard to the ABO blood types in humans, determine thegenotypes of the male parent and female parent: Male parent: blood type B whose mother was type OFemale parent: blood type A whose father was type B Predict the blood types of the offspring that this couple may have and the expected ratio of each.arrow_forward
- Suppose we define the Alzheimer’s disease phenotype as being diagnosed with the disease by age 75 years. In the human population, there are three alleles of the ApoE gene: ε2, ε3, ε4. They form an allelic series such that: 70% of 75 year olds with the ε4/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 60% of 75 year olds with the ε3/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 40% of 75 year olds with the ε3/ ε3 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 30% of 75 year olds with the ε2/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 10% of 75 year olds with the ε2/ ε3 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype If I have the ε4/ ε4 genotype and my wife has the ε2/ ε3 genotype, what is the probability that our child will have Alzheimer’s by age 75. Explain your reasoning. [Can be answered in less than 75 words]arrow_forwardTay-Sachs disease is a recessive genetic disease. Individuals with this disease rarely survive past the age of four. In the general population, approximately 1 person in 300 carries the allele for this disease. However, in some populations, including the Irish Americans, the Ashkenazi Jews, and the Cajuns from Louisiana, the proportion of Tay-Sachs carriers is much higher (1 in 27 to 1 in 50) than in other populations. Such high frequency of an otherwise rare allele is expected when Question 24 options: populations experienced disruptive selection populations were founded by a small number of settlers the allele is advantageous at the heterozygous state populations have higher than average mutation rates populations experienced stabilizing selectionarrow_forwardMinotaur is only found in the Labyrinth on the island of Crete. The area is famous for its annual spectacle of "Minotaur run," where herds of Minotaur rush out of the Labyrinth to reach their breeding grounds on the beautiful Aegean seashore. A group of Olympian scientists discovered that the horn size of the Minotaur is controlled by a single locus, with HH individuals having the longest, the Hh the medium, and hh the shortest horns. It is further found that the long-horned individuals tend to be tangled up along the way during the annual migration out of the Labyrinth, such that only 80% of the HH individuals can make it out of the Labyrinth alive. Once outside the Labyrinth, the short-horned individuals tend to be less successful at finding food, thus 60% would die from starvation before the beginning of the breeding season. Since the Hh individualsâ horn size are just right, so all of them survive the annual challenge. Initially, the annual migration of Minotaur started out with…arrow_forward
- There may be a number of possible alleles for a given gene within a population. In a multiple allele system the dominance relationships between the various alleles must be considered. One of the more familiar examples of a multiple allelic system is that of the human ABO blood group. The gene involved codes for a protein located on the outside of red blood cell membranes. Three alleles (IA, IB and i) determine whether the protein is present or absent and which form of the protein (if any) is present. The A and B alleles code for the A and B forms of the protein and are co-dominant with each other. The O allele (i) codes for no protein and is recessive to both A and B alleles. This means there are four possible phenotypes (blood types: A, B, AB, and O). This also means there are 6 possible genotypes: IAIA, IBIB, IAi, IBi, IAIB and ii. If you have the letter ‘O’ anywhere in any of your genotypes, you are doing it wrong. 6- A couple with the following blood types: the man has type AB and…arrow_forwardSickle cell anemia is an inheritable red blood cell disorder that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells. The sickle-shaped red blood cells can stick to blood vessel walls and cause a blockage or slow the movement of blood throughout the body. Individuals who are heterozygous produce both normal and sickle-shaped red blood cells which gives them resistance to malaria but they do not develop sickle cell anemia (so heterozygotes are unaffected on the pedigree).Let HbS be the allele for sickle cell anemia and let HbA be the allele for normal red blood cells. Which of the following rows provides the correct genotypes for individuals I-2, I-4, II-1, and III-1? Select one: a. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbA_ HbAHbS HbAHbS HbA_ b. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbA_ HbAHbS HbAHbS HbAHbS c. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbAHbS HbAHbS HbAHbS HbAHbS d. I-2 I-4 II-1 III-1 HbAHbA HbAHbA HbAHbA HbAHbAarrow_forwardwhat fraction of the offspring of two parents with sickle trait would you expect to have sickle cell anemia? Explain how you arrived at this answer. Also include a punnet squarearrow_forward
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