In a photochemical reaction, how do two molecules with overlapping energy levels manage to transfer energy efficiently, and what is the significance of the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) mechanism in this context?
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Question: In a photochemical reaction, how do two molecules with overlapping energy levels manage to transfer energy efficiently, and what is the significance of the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) mechanism in this context?
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- How many moles of ATP could theoretically be synthesized under standard conditions using the energy of the photons in red light (λ = 700 nm).Question: A. To explore the consequences of coupling ATP hydrolysis under physiological conditions to a thermodynamically unfavorable biochemical reaction, consider the hypothetical transformation X⟶Y, for which Δ?′°=20.0 kJ/mol. What is the ratio of [Y]/[X][Y]/[X] at equilibrium? B. Suppose XX and YY participate in a sequence of reactions during which ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. The overall reaction is X+ATP+H2O⟶Y+ADP+Pi Calculate [Y]/[X] for this reaction at equilibrium. Assume that the temperature is 25.0 °C and the equilibrium concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are 1.00 M each. C. We know that [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are not 1.00 M under physiological conditions. Calculate [Y]/[X] for the ATP‑coupled reaction when the values of [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are those found in rat myocytes. Metabolite Concentration in rat myocytes (M) ATP 8.05x10-3 ADP 0.93x10-3 Pi 8.05x10-3Cyclic photophosphorylation uses two photons to generate one ATP. If the AG of ATP hydrolysis is -50 kj/mol. What is the percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation? F =96.5 kj/mol*V. Use c AG = -nFAV ⒸShow Transcribed Text to solve.
- Biochemists working with isolated mitochondria recognize five energy“states” of mitochondria, depending on the presence or absence of essential substrates for respiration—O2, ADP, oxidizable substrates, and so forth. The characteristics of each state are:state 1: mitochondria alone (in buffer containing Pi)state 2: mitochondria + substrate, but respiration low due to lack of ADPstate 3: mitochondria + substrate + limited amount of ADP, allowingrapid respirationstate 4: mitochondria + substrate, but all ADP converted to ATP, sorespiration slowsstate 5: mitochondria + substrate + ADP, but all O2 used up (anoxia),so respiration stops(a) On the graph, identify the state that might predominate in each stage of the trace indicated with a letter. (b) To determine whether isolated mitochondria exhibit respiratory control,one determines the ratio of rates of oxygen uptake in two different states.Which states?(c) Which state probably predominates in vivo in skeletal muscle fatiguedfrom a long…Biochemists working with isolated mitochondria recognize five energy "states" of mitochondria, depending on the presence or absence of essential substrates for respiration-O, ADP, oxidizable substrates, and so forth. The characteristics of each state are: state 1: mitochondria alone (in buffer containing P;) state 2: mitochondria + substrate, but respiration low due to lack of ADPQuestion: The electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration differs from the ETC in photosynthesis in the following way A. In respiration the ETC creates a proton gradient with the higher proton concentration on the outer side of the membrane whereas in photosynthesis the ETC creates a proton gradient with the higher proton concentration on the inner side of the membrane. B. In respiration the ETC creates a proton gradient whereas in photosynthesis the ETC creates a sodium (Na+) gradient. C. In respiration the ETC gradient is used to power ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation whereas in photosynthesis the ETC gradient is used to power ATP production by substrate level phosphorylation.
- Photosyntheis related question (s): When protons move out of the thylakoid, are they moving up or down their concentration gradient? (From low to high concentration or from high to low concentration?) What protein(s) facilitate the transport of protons out of the thylakoid? We can write the formula for photosynthesis as follows: 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 How would you write a formula for the light reactions? Include ATP, ADP, NADP and NADPH as relevant? How would you write a formula for the Calvin cycle? Include ATP, ADP, NADP and NADPH as relevant.What is midpoint potential of redox active centers in photosynthetic organisms? What factors affect this? Also how does charge become offset during water oxidation rxns?.Please answer fast The equilbrium constant (Keq) under standard conditions for the hydrolysis of ATP is 200,000 M. This would suggest the reaction is: 1. proceeding in reverse direction 2. proceeding in forward direction 3. in equilibrium However, this does not take into consideration the concentration of substrates/products within the cell. This is can be calculated by determining the reaction quotient, Q by: [ATP] x [Pi] / [ADP] [ATP] + [Pi] / [ADP] [ADP] x [ATP] / [Pi] [ADP] x [Pi] / [ATP] Biochemical reactions commonly involve the transfer of groups from ATP. What is one of the products of pyrophosphate cleavage from ATP? AMP Adenosine ADP Inorganic phosphate Q5-6. The hydrolysis of ATP is often coupled to other reactions. For example: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + H2O → Pyruvate + Pi (ΔG'° = -63.1 kJ/mol) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi (ΔG'° = -30.5 kJ/mol) (The standard free-energy changes for the reactions are indicated in brackets) Q5. Given the information above, what is the…
- Question:- List the different molecules, an electrons is part of, as it moves from NADPH through the light-independent phase of photosynthesis and is synthesized into a substrate that can feed it into a NADH molecule as part of aerobic cellular respiration. Provide 2 different options for NADH production.MATHEMATICAL The free-energy change (G) for the oxidation of the cytochrome aa3 complex by molecular oxygen is 2102.3kJ=224.5kcal for each mole of electron pairs transferred. What is the maximum number of moles of ATP that could be produced in the process? How many moles of ATP are actually produced? What is the efficiency of the process, expressed as a percentage?Question:- A mouse fed phytanic acid uniformly labeled with 14C produces detectable levels of radioactive malate, a citric acid cycle intermediate, within minutes. Considering the metabolic pathway for phytanic acid conversion to malate, which structures depict the locations of the 14C label in malate?