If DNA polymerase requires a perfectly pairedprimer in order to add the next nucleotide, how is it thatany mismatched nucleotides “escape” this requirementand become substrates for mismatch repair enzymes?

Q: In the Meselson–Stahl experiment thatestablished the semiconservative nature of DNA replication,the…

A: Replication follows the semiconservative mode, which was proved by the experiment conducted by…

Q: the restriction enzyme NotI recognizes the following sequence : 5'-GCGGCCGC-3' . On average, how…

A: Restriction enzymes are special enzymes that cut the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) at a specified or…

Q: Is it unusual that the -subunits of DNA polymerase III that form a sliding clamp along the DNA do…

A: Replication of DNA is catalyzed by a DNA polymerase enzyme. There are many types of DNA polymerases…

Q: What is the role of Mg2+ in genomic DNA extraction?

A: DNA extraction refers to the method of isolating and purifying DNA from a cell. It involves…

Q: One way that bacterial cells regulate DNA replication is through GATC methylation sites within the…

A: The addition of the methyl group to the adenine of the newly synthesized strand of DNA precisely at…

Q: The topoisomerase enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of the relaxed and supercoiled forms of DNA…

A: DNA replication is the process of the formation of identical copies of DNA. It occurs in nucleus of…

Q: What is The molecular mechanisms governing the initia-tion of DNA replication.

A: Initiation of DNA replication involves making the target DNA accessible to the enzymes and proteins…

Q: Why does replication process struggle with repetitive sequence - and how does this impact a certain…

A: Genomes containing lots of repetitive sequences like the human genome create difficulties with…

Q: Reiji and Tuneko Okazaki conducted a now classic experiment in1968 in which they discovered a…

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication occurs in a semi-discontinuous manner. In this process,…

Q: The telomeres of a linear chromosome are made of identical directly repeated DNA sequences. How does…

A: Telomeres:These are the special DNA caps in the eukaryotic chromosomes that prevent the loss of…

Q: Considering prokaryotes, what is the enzyme that helps hold DNA polymerase III in place when…

A: In prokaryotes, replication is a process by which it makes identical copies of DNA. The process…

Q: Assume that the sequence of bases shown below is presenton onenucleotide chain of a DNA duplex and…

A: DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that the organism inherits from the parental…

Q: What would happen to DNA repair in bacteria if MutH is mutated such that is cannot recognize the…

A: In prokaryotes , Mut H involved in mismatch repair syatem.  Mut S can recognise mismatched…

Q: It was once thought that the DNA polymerase machinery moves along DNA in a manner analogous to a…

A: DNA polymerase is defined as the family of enzymes responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of new…

Q: During mismatch repair, why is it necessary to distinguish betweenthe template strand and the newly…

A: Mismatch repair (MMR) is a significant system of repairing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) errors in all…

Q: eant by non-classical DNA-dependent DNA polymerases? What roles do they play in our cells?

A: DNA polymerases are enzymes that assemble nucleotides, DNA's building components, to form DNA…

Q: What is meant by the term semiconservativereplication? What are the functions of DNA Pol I and…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication is a biological process in which two identical replicas of…

Q: What basal trasncription factors can only bind to the dna within the pre-replication complex after…

A: Basal transcription factors are also known as general transcription factors. These bind to the…

Q: What similarities and differences exist in the enzymatic activities of DNA polymerases I and III?…

A: The process of replication in living cells requires a set of enzymes and DNA dependent DNA…

Q: What are heteroduplex regions of DNA and whatprocess leads to their formation?

A: Heteroduplex DNA strand is formed during hybridization processes and is based on the phenomena of…

Q: The 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity of Pol I excises only unpaired 3′-terminal nucleotides from DNA,…

A: A technique discovered by Kary Mullis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is used to replicate the DNA…

Q: Two particular contigs are suspected to be adjacent, possibly separated by repetitive DNA. In an…

A: Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil…

Q: Homologous recombination in E. coli forms heteroduplex regions of DNA containing mismatched bases.…

A: MMR of Mismatch Repair system of DNA is referred to as a system for identifying and repairing the…

Q: Which DNA repair systems you think might be capable of repairing a situation where T is in one…

A: DNA repair is a process by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules. Most…

Q: What are the functions of DNA Pol I and III and DNA helicase and DNA ligase?

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: "The mechanism does not recruit a homologous region of DNA during repair". Explain this ?

A: Introduction DNA repair is a set of procedures that a cell uses to detect and repair damage to the…

Q: Adenylate cydase, which synthesizes cyclic AMP from ATP, requires two metal ions, and the enzyme has…

A: Nucleophile is a chemical species with more electrons. This chemical species donates its electron…

Q: How does the synthesis of a daughter DNA strand growing toward a replication fork differ from the…

A: DNA replication is considered a biological process during cell division, where DNA can make a copy…

Q: What is the function of histones in DNA packiging?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a two-fold helical structure with two polynucleotide strands…

Q: How does SeqA prevent DnaA–ATP from binding to the oriCregions immediately after chromosome…

A: Bacteria contain chromosomes and these carry a well-defined origin of replication.

Q: Kornberg showed that nucleotides are added to the 3' end of eachgrowing DNA strand. In what way does…

A: It is majorly present within the nucleus. DNA can exist in different levels of complexity.  Primary…

Q: hat is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA polymerase.?

A: A DNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps in the synthesis of DNA molecules by using nitrogenous…

Q: The function of gamma (y) complex of DNA polymerase III is to Select one: O a. to unwind double…

A: DNA polymerase III falls in the category of an holoenzyme that has two core enzymes, a sliding clamp…

Q: "DNA polymerase I serves a secondary function in vivo,now believed to be critical to the maintenance…

A: DNA polymerase I is an enzyme involved in prokaryotic DNA elongation and repair. It has 3 activities…

Q: What is one enzyme that is involved with DNA replication and how would the absence of this enzyme…

A: Introduction: Nucleic acids are major macromolecule present in the nucleus of the cell. DNA is a…

Q: How the conformational changes impact its affinity for the target DNAsequence ?

A: Introduction  Protein is the key biomolecule in the biological system, any important physiological…

Q: In eukaryotes, what is meant by the term DNA replication licensing? How does the process occur?

A: BASIC INFORMATION DNA Replication  It is the process in which there is production of the replicas…

Q: Would you expect to find nuclear localization sequences(NLSs) in the proteins that make up…

A: A nuclear localization sequence is an amino acid sequence that aids in protein transport (import)…

Q: Richard Boyce and Paul Howard-Flanders conducted an experimentthat provided biochemical evidence…

A: DNA repair mechanisms are operative to prevent possible mutations in the DNA.

Q: DNA repair enzymes preferentially repair mis- matched bases on the newly synthesized DNA strand,…

A: DNA repair enzymes are proteins that detect and repair physical damage to DNA induced by radiation,…

Q: In terms of the new DNA strands that are generated, what are the differences between replication and…

A: DNA replication is a biological process which produces two identical DNA from the one original…

Q: A certain mutant DNA polymerase is error-prone, tending to incorporate C opposite a template A. When…

A: Mutations in the DNA polymerase would affect the process of replication. It is studied under the…

Q: What is the function of DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs)?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary unit of life, which carries the genetic information in…

Q: How was it demonstrated that DNA synthesis occurs underthe direction of DNA polymerase III and not…

A: Introduction: DNA replication is the process by which a cell creates an exact copy of its DNA to…

Q: What are the requirements for in vitro synthesis of DNA under thedirection of DNA polymerase I?

A: The formation of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules, either naturally or artificially, is known as DNA…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.