If antibody responses are not elicited by a Covid-19 vaccine, are there other types of immune response that could provide protection from the SARS-Co-V2 virus following vaccination? Explain why or why not.
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If antibody responses are not elicited by a Covid-19 vaccine, are there other types of immune response that could provide protection from the SARS-Co-V2 virus following vaccination? Explain why or why not.
SARS-CoV-2 is a virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that first emerged in Wuhan, China in late 2019. It belongs to the family of coronaviruses, which are known to cause respiratory illnesses in humans and animals. SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and can lead to hospitalization and death in some cases.
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- Serum from individuals with high levels of antibody to SARS-CoV2 has been used to treat patients with severe COVID-19. What is ONE way (there are several) that passive immunization with the antibody to the virus could help these patients? HINT: think about what opsonization with antibody could do for the innate immune response.Shortly after the recovery from COVID 19, the plasma of the convalescent has significant quantities of anti - SARS CoV - 2 antibodies. This plasma was suggested to be used as therapy for other COVID - 19 patients by transfusing the plasma from the recovered individuals (donor) to the other COVID 19 patients (recipient). Do you think the identification of the ABO group of the donor and recipient is important and why?Shortly after the recovery from COVID-19, the plasma of the convalescent has significant quantities of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This plasma was suggested to be used as therapy for other COVID-19 patients by transfusing the plasma from the recovered individuals (donor) to the other COVID-19 patients (recipient). Do you think the identification of the ABO group of the donor and recipient is important and why? O a. No, this has nothing to do with blood grouping. It is only related to the virus and the antibodies against it. O b. Yes, but I really have no idea why. O c. No, not important because the antigens A, B or AB exist on the surface of red blood cells but not in the plasma and when they transfer, they do not transfer cells (only plasma) O d. Yes, because the donor plasma might contain anti-A or Anti-B or both which might induce an immune response if the recipient has A or B or AB group. Clear my choice
- When an antibody binds to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, it may block access of the spike protein to the ACE2 protein on human cells. This is one way an antibody can prevent the virus from attaching to and getting inside of human cells. But antibodies can do more than just block virus entry. Due to the symmetrical structure of the immunoglobulin molecule, it can bind to two antigen molecules simultaneously, like this: As a result, antibodies can cross-link multiple viruses in a three-dimensional network. Using this diagram as a starting point, draw several additional viruses and antibodies to illustrate what a cross-linked antigen-antibody complex might look like.docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAlpQLSen_DnlxjlAa6EoAyAOhS Gitcmj9fQ_M4bwAg1Wizsq5Yp4A/formResponse O YouTube Maps nanswers TaT4 are rUC Which of the following are true regarding testosterone? * (1) Testosterone acts on specific target cells to stimulate male sexual characteristics. (2) Testosterone is directly stimulated by the release of GnRH. (3) Testosterone produces a negative feedback mechanism to regulate GnRH. (4) If spermatogenesis is slow, testosterone production is stimulated. O A- If answers (1), (2) and (3) are TRUE B- If answers (1) and (3) are TRUE O C- If answers (2) and (4) are TRUE O D- If only answer (4) is TRUE O E- If answers (1), (2), (3) and (4) are TRUE Which is true of the following statements regarding COVID-19? (1) SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19 (2) The new coronavirus can infect the upper or lower part respiratorv svstemCOVID-19 is caused by infection with a novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2. Testing someone for active infection involves examining samples taken from the nasal mucosa for fragments of the virus. Another type of testing involves examining blood for the presence of antibodies that can bind to SARS-CoV-2. Use what you've learned about the immune system. What are the suggested reasons why someone would possess antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
- please help explain would SARS-CoV-2 N-nucleocasid protein be good target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development ?and whySurprisingly, humans as well as mice deficient in the complement protein, C3, have greatly reduced antibody responses to T cell-dependent antigens, and are impaired in their ability to control HSV infections. When C3-deficient mice are infected with HSV, once at day 0 and then a second time 4 weeks later, their antibody response is altered compared to wild-type mice, as shown in the figure #3 below. a) What is a likely explanation for the altered antibody response in the absence of complement C3? For fugure #4: For this experiment, mice are infected with varying doses of the HSV-rd virus, and peak IgG responses to the viral surface glycoproteins are measured. The results are shown in the fugure #4. b) What is the most likely explanation for these data? Do these results impact your answer to the part above (a)? Explain your reasoning.Over the past year we have endured the Covid-19 pandemic. Accumulating evidence suggests that the host immunity response is contributing in severe forms COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 causes mild to severe illness with high morbidity and mortality, especially in preexisting risk groups. These immunologic reactions in severe COVID-19 may characterize the cytokine storm that is associated with untoward clinicopathological consequences. The cytokine storm is an out-of-control cytokine release that has been observed in some infectious and noninfectious diseases, leading to a hyperinflammation condition in the host. This immune response has been associated with a higher intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality in COVID-19. In fact, higher concentrations of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10), monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP1), macrophage inflammatory protein…
- According to the article “Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID19 (Alessandro Sette and Shane Crotty Published in Cell 184, February 18,2021), what are the major components of adaptive immunity in viralimmune responses?Is vaccination a futile effort against mutated SARS-COV-2 variants ?Addition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for hemoglobin to a solution of hemoglobin results in the formation of a red precipitate. In contrast, addition of the Fab fragments from this antibody to hemoglobin results in no such precipitate. What could explain this difference in results? Treatment with papain produces Fab fragments with different antigen specificity than the original IgG molecule. IgG can simultaneously bind two different antigens, whereas an Fab fragment can only bind one antigen at a time. The Fab fragments preferentially bind to other Fab fragments rather than to hemoglobin. The hemoglobin molecule antibody-binding sites can bind IgG molecules, but cannot bind Fab fragments.