Q: explain if SARS-CoV-2 is caused by an antigenic shift or an antigenic drift.
A: Antigenic drift is a kind of genetic variation in viruses, arising by the accumulation of mutations…
Q: What was the molecular evidence that demonstrated the lineage relationship between granulocytes and…
A: A type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during…
Q: How does sars covid-19 test work?
A: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are now being tested at the population level or in particular populations,…
Q: Why is IgM particularly effective at cross-linking antigens?
A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that is responsible for triggering the immune response…
Q: which human cell machinery do the SARS-CoV-2 uses in order to replicate?.
A: The current COVID-19 pandemic is due to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Q: What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA)?
A: Immunity is a state of resistance of an organism to invading biotic or abiotic pathogens and their…
Q: How is COVID19 described by scientists and why is the effectiveness of herd immunity so hotly…
A: Diseases caused by infectious agents are called infectious diseases. The agents can be bacteria,…
Q: In the SARS-CoV-2 assay, what is the benefit of a diagnostic tool that can distinguish the…
A: The novel Coronavirus infection SARS CoV 2 can be diagnosed by different means. Proper diagnosis,…
Q: With the preventive measure available to combat COVID-19, the term, “herd immunity” is often used.…
A: Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. It…
Q: The SARS-CoV-2 genome is a polycistronic genome. What does the term polycistronic refer to
A: The covid pandemic as we all know is the disease associated with virus SARS-CoV-2.
Q: Which of the following individuals are carriers? (Choose ALL that apply) I-2 II-2 I-1 IV-1…
A: Heterozygous means that an organism has two different alleles of a gene. Carriers are always…
Q: vacinnation stops and controls the spread of this contaigous diseas. and also how is this related to…
A: Measels is a highly contagious disease. For example, outbreak of measles with nearly 5,000 deaths…
Q: SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious in humans than SARS because it has been shown that SARS-CoV-2…
A: SARS-CoV-2 is also known as COVID-2 which was introduced in 2019 caused COVID. Whereas, SARS is also…
Q: Alpha Variant = Lineage B.1.1.7 = UK Variant Beta Variant = Lineage B.1.351 OR 501Y.V2 = South…
A: Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 evolve throughout time when changes in the genetic code (genetic…
Q: How are B and T cells connected in order to provide an efficient immune response against SARS-Cov2?
A:
Q: 22. Briefly explain why information about SARS-CoV-1 (2003) and MERS (2012) may have aided the…
A: Corona viruses are a cluster of associated viruses that leads to respiratory tract infections in…
Q: why do platelets undergo membrane vesiculation during hyperacute graft rejection
A: Answer: Platelets are known as thrombocytes, and composed the major part of the blood. These cells…
Q: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Explain how an individual could test negative for an active SARS-CoV-2…
A: Antibodies is produced by the lymphoid organ in response to the antigens. But it is not necessary…
Q: the correct amount that can be resolved from the TLC?
A: There are apperenttly 8 Isomers of ketohexoses which are D-Fructose, D-tagatose, D-psicose, and…
Q: There are serum samples from people who tested positive for the SARS-CoV2 virus and have now…
A: After infection, B cells become activated through various pathways( directly or indirectly ) and…
Q: what role does frame-shifting play in the SARS-COV-2?
A: Frameshifting occurs during the protein translation process during which proteins are formed by the…
Q: Is the antigenic determinant reducing or non-reducing? reducing non-reducing both…
A: Monosaccharides are linked together by chemical bonds to form these Glycan chain-like structures.…
Q: Given your current understanding of what we have learned about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease…
A: Covid-19 is caused by a novel strain of Coronavirus. It can be diagnosed with fever, dry cough,…
Q: What is the connection between B and T cells to build an effective immune response to SARS-Cov2?
A: The immune system comprises wide range of immune cells that functions together to protect the body…
Q: Why do we have to repeat blood typing before proceeding to crossmatching proper? Is screening for…
A: Medical biology is a branch of medicine that use laboratory methods (analytical, microscopes,…
Q: If you are infected with SARS-Cov-2, but have undetectable or low levels of antibodies a few months…
A: The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes a respiratory disease called COVID-19. It is a member of a large…
Q: How does Humoral Immune response to SARS_COV-2?
A: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS_COV-2) is defined as the strain of the virus…
Q: discuss the purpose of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. What are the two distinct classes…
A: The immune system of the human body can be divided into innate immunity and adaptive immunity.…
Q: What are H and N spikes and how do they affect immunity in relation to the flue and why is it…
A: Common cold or flu is a viral infection that is transmitted through the air from person-to-person.…
Q: Explain how alcohol inhibits SARS-CoV-2?
A: The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease. Most common…
Q: Compare and contrast herd immunity from vaccination between pneumococcal pneumonia and COVID-19.
A: Answer :: Pneumococcal pneumonia :- Pneumosil indigenous pneumococcal vaccine Recently, the first…
Q: How could sequencing many SARS-CoV-2 genomes be used to track how the virus has changed over time…
A: Mutation It refers to the alteration of the sequence of the DNA or RNA in organisms. These mutations…
Q: What are the ethical issues faced in the healthcare system due to the Covid 19 pandemic?
A: The devastating pandemic strike on the global population lead to an influx of infected patients into…
Q: How is the virus that causes covid 19 (SARS-COV-2) classified?
A: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus associated…
Q: Why do cold sores recur throughout the lifetime of an HSV-1 infected individual?
A: HSV-1 infection of the CNS can have lifelong effects such as permanent temporal lobe damage.After…
Q: How would you have to modify the diagram of IgG to depict serum IgM?
A: An antibody or immunoglobulin is typically made of four polypeptide chains including two light…
Q: What is erythropoietin? What is its biological function? What is recombinant erythropoietin? What…
A: Red blood cells are very important as their absence would cause anaemia Insidious blood deficiency…
Q: What are the target cells of SARS-CoV-2? What do these cells have in common?
A:
Q: Sequentially describe the five goals (attachment, entry, replication, assembly and release) of…
A: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most common…
Q: How does having herd immunity important with your battle with the COVID- 19 pandemic
A: *Immunity is a complex of biological system which have the the capacity to recognize and tolerate…
Q: According to the article “Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID19 (Alessandro Sette and Shane…
A: The recent pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a major threatening to the world regarding…
Q: SARS-CoV-2 spreads through cell-to-cell transmission
A: Introduction Covid 19 is a coronavirus-caused acute respiratory infection in humans that can cause…
Q: Describe the techniques researchers used to determine the genetic makeup of SARS-CoV-2
A: Whole genome sequencing using next generation sequencing method can be applied to determine the…
Q: In influenza virus, what is antigenic shift and how does it occur?
A: Influenza is a common viral infection that is caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose,…
Q: Describe the ways in which HSV-1 differs from HSV-2.
A: The herpes simplex virus leads to viral infection and the categorization depends on the parts…
Q: What are Antibodies and its role to our body? And How does Antibodies fight covid-19 virus?
A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…
Q: Name the three proteins found in the SARS-COV-2 envelope. What function does each have
A: The virus named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19…
Q: describe the chain of events that leads to pneumonia in individuals infected with SARS-COV-2?
A: A virus is a parasitic organism that cannot replicate on its own. A virus, on the other hand, can…
Q: What are the limits to the parallelism between HIV and SARSCOV2?
A: HIV It is the human immunodeficiency virus. This virus targets the immune system of the body. It…
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- What are the conspiracies and myths about SARS CoV-2 vaccination ?If antibody responses are not elicited by a Covid-19 vaccine, are there other types of immune response that could provide protection from the SARS-Co-V2 virus following vaccination? Explain why or why not.What is the main difference between SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19?
- Shortly after the recovery from COVID 19, the plasma of the convalescent has significant quantities of anti - SARS CoV - 2 antibodies. This plasma was suggested to be used as therapy for other COVID - 19 patients by transfusing the plasma from the recovered individuals (donor) to the other COVID 19 patients (recipient). Do you think the identification of the ABO group of the donor and recipient is important and why?What is SARS-CoV-2 What is COVID-19? What happens in your body when you contract the coronavirus? What exactly causes your body to develop pneumonia? How would a vaccine work? As a student, what are your contributions to prevent the spread of the virus? Can you cite your experiences in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic?COVID-19 is caused by infection with a novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2. Testing someone for active infection involves examining samples taken from the nasal mucosa for fragments of the virus. Another type of testing involves examining blood for the presence of antibodies that can bind to SARS-CoV-2. Use what you've learned about the immune system. What are the suggested reasons why someone would possess antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
- Using PEN and PAPER ONLY, illustrate a SARS-CoV-2 genome organization showing all the genes.Label the 4 structural genes and the 2 genes that code for the PP1a and PP1b and produces 16nonstructural proteins.1) Define each of the following abbreviations: COVID-19: 2019-nCoV: SARS-CoV-2: 2) How does SARS-CoV-2 differ from SARS-CoV? 3) What is meant by the terms "delta variant" and "omicron BA.2" variants? How many waves of global variant spread have we had to date? 4) What are the defining chemical features of the coronavirus? Is this an enveloped or non-enveloped virus? How does this impact our ability to neutralize the virus outside of the body? What type of nucleic acid does it contain? (RNA? DNA? Single-stranded? Double-stranded?) Are coronaviruses genetically stable or highly variable? How does this correlate with their genetic material?Given your current understanding of what we have learned about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease it causes, CoVID-19, which of the following recommended practices make sense, based on the scientific knowledge you now have? Explain your answer for each: Remaining 6 feet away from other people, wearing non-medical masks, screening people for fevers before they can board planes or enter schools, not gathering in large groups.
- Why is creating a vaccine to SARS CoV2 challenging? What is herd immunity and how can a vaccine help us to achieve it?Name the three proteins found in the SARS-COV-2 envelope. What function does each have?Shortly after the recovery from COVID-19, the plasma of the convalescent has significant quantities of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This plasma was suggested to be used as therapy for other COVID-19 patients by transfusing the plasma from the recovered individuals (donor) to the other COVID-19 patients (recipient). Do you think the identification of the ABO group of the donor and recipient is important and why? O a. No, this has nothing to do with blood grouping. It is only related to the virus and the antibodies against it. O b. Yes, but I really have no idea why. O c. No, not important because the antigens A, B or AB exist on the surface of red blood cells but not in the plasma and when they transfer, they do not transfer cells (only plasma) O d. Yes, because the donor plasma might contain anti-A or Anti-B or both which might induce an immune response if the recipient has A or B or AB group. Clear my choice