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- The following figure is a pathway that results in apoptosis or programmed cell death. Based on the signaling pathway which of the following will result in decreased cell death. Select all that apply TNF Active TNFR Inactive TNFR JNI Mitochondria Cytochrome C released Bcl-2 Caspases NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM DNA damage CELL DEATH A loss of function mutation in both alleles of the Bcl2 gene A loss-of-function mutation in both alleles of the gene that codes for Caspases A mutation that prevents cytochrome C release from the mitochondria A loss-of-function mutation in both alleles of the TNFR geneMutations in which of the following would MOST DIRECTLY affect the cAMP signaling pathway? Adenylyl cyclase PKA IP3 Ligand-gated ion channelWhich of the following in the PKA pathwaycan NOT be mutated to inhibit or activate the GPCR signaling pathway? WHY? Adenylyl Cyclase cAMP GPCR G-alpha PKA
- If you could design a drug to overcome the affect of the newly evolved Listeria protein to restore normal extrinsic apoptotic signaling, which protein would you target and would you design the drug to activate or inactivate the targeted protein? Your drug would activate caspase 8. Your drug would activate caspase 9. Your drug would inhibit Fas ligand. O Your drug would activate the Grb2 adaptor protein.thế hucleus When CAMP is formed, it will activate: O Protein Kinase C O Protein Kinase A O G-protein O Adenylyl cyclase Macrophages engulf bacteria throughWhy is the signaling pathway that activates NF-κB considered to be relatively irreversible compared with cytokine or RTK signaling pathways?
- Which of the following is true of signal transduction mediated by protein tyrosine kinases production of cAMP phosphoinositides are activated arrestins compete with G-proteins phosphorylation of tyrosine residues3 of 16 Which statement about the IP3 DAG pathway is false? O Diacylglycerol can act as a second messenger. Inositol trisphosphate can act as a second messenger. O Protein kinase C can phosphorylate a wide variety of proteins. O Inositol trisphosphate remains bound to the membrane after phospholipase C catalyzes its formation. Inositol trisphosphate can open ion channels in the membraņes of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, releasing calcium into the cytoplasm.Put the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase Kinase is Phosphorylated Proteins involved in gene transcription are activated Growth factor binds to its receptor in the cytoplasmic membrane Receptor recruits adaptor protein and GEF Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor Structural change of the receptor activates Tyrosine Kinase Map Kinase Kinase Kinase is phosphorylated Ras, a small GTPase, is activated by the exchange of GTP for GDP Map Kinase is Phosphorylated Map Kinase enters the nucleus
- Which of the following is True about the STAT signaling cascade? O It amplifies signal for TGF-B family of Growth Factors O It amplifies signal for cytokine receptors O It amplifies signal for receptor tyrosine kinases O It amplifies the signal for Notchnicotine from cigarette smoke acts as a lignad and associated with specific proteins on the surface of cells in the brain, causing felings of pleasure nad well being. What is the appropriate event in the cellular response to nicotine Rapid elimination of nicotine from the body is an example of: 1. receptor binding 2. signal termination 3. recepto activation 4. signal transduction 5. cellular responseWhich of the following is most likely an example of signaling through a transmembrane receptor? The influenza virus recognizes specific proteins on the surface of host cells, causing the entrance of genetic materials into the cytoplasm of the host cells. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) bind to receptor proteins found on the membrane of receiving cells, triggering its internalization into the receiving cells. The binding of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to the interleukin-6 receptor causes the activation of protein kinases in the cytoplasm, activating the transcription factor NF-κB. The binding of aldosterone to the aldosterone receptor activates its transcription activity, leading to the transcription of genes that promote the uptake of ions and water.