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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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If a prokaryotic cell experienced a mutation that eliminated DNA polymerase's 3' to 5' exonuclease activity, what part of DNA synthesis would be affected?
The single-stranded DNA would not remain open.
The RNA primer could not be removed.
The lagging strand fragments could not be connected together.
The replication fork would be unable to move.
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- Why is an RNA primer necessary for DNA replication? The RNA primer is necessary for the activity of DNA ligase. The RNA primer creates the 5â and 3â ends of the strand. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to RNA molecules. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing strand.arrow_forwardWhat is the consequence of an error that is not corrected during DNA replication? Choose one: It causes the DNA strands to separate. It leads to the formation of a mutation. It prevents DNA from being transcribed.arrow_forwardWhen you have prokaryotic replication, there is a short window (1-2 min.) where one strand of the DNA is not methylated (the DNA is hemi-methylated). This could help DNA repair mechanisms to know which strand are old or new. They could repair the new one with the old one as a guide. True Falsearrow_forward
- If a mutation occurred that prevented single stranded binding proteins from binding, the result would be: O Replication would not be initiated O DNA would be synthesized on the leading strand, but not the lagging strand Replicating would be initiated, DNA would unwind, RNA primers would be laid down, but DNA polymerase would not bind O The newly synthesized RNA would not be able to leave the DNA template Replication would be initiated, but RNA primers would not anneal to the DNAarrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotidesequences (all belong to an exon):5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is transcribed that produced a functional mRNA. Assuming there are no mutations, the said mRNA is then brought to the site of protein synthesis,a. what would be the amino acid sequence of the synthesized polypeptide chain?b. how many possible kinds of tRNA molecule that will bring the 2nd amino acid observing wobble hypothesis? List down their anticodons.arrow_forwardWhich statement is true about dna replicationarrow_forward
- DNA replication is vital for successful cell division. Explain the process of DNA replication. Make sure to use the following terms: helicase, S-phase, DNA polymerase and DNA ligase, template, free nucleotides. Use the diagram if it helps you illustrate your points.arrow_forwardBecause the polymerization of nucleotides is an endergonic process, energy is required for it to occur. What does DNA polymerase use as its energy source? Group of answer choices ATP that is broken into ADP and P and released Energy from photons of light Entropy created from protein digestion Nucleotides incorporated into a growing chain provide their own energy in the form of trinucleotidesarrow_forwardDuring DNA replication, a template strand is used to synthesize a new "daughter" strand of DNA. Below is a sequence of a short segment of DNA. Provide the base sequence in the complementary strand and label all ends. 5’ A A T C G T A A G C T 3’arrow_forward
- Medgie is creating his science fair project on DNA replication. His final display board shows the following. Human DNA Replication Steps Step 1 DNA unwinds in the nucleus Step 2 Complementary base pairs are deleted Step 3 DNA rewinds back together Step 4 The newly made DNA helix is placed in a cell formed in Mitosis According to Medgie's project, which of the following identifies and explains which of the steps is incorrect? O Step 4 is incorrect because not all human cells require DNA. O Step 3 is incorrect because the DNA remains unwound to be transcribed into RNA. Step 2 is incorrect because the complementary base pairs are used as a template, not deleted. Step 1 is incorrect because DNA doesn't unwind in the nucleus, instead it unwinds in the cytoplasm Previousarrow_forwardDNA polymerase occasionally incorporates the wrong nucleotide during DNA replication. If left unrepaired, the base-pair mismatch that results will lead to mutation in the next replication. As part of a template strand, the incorporated wrong base will direct the incorporation of a base complementary to itself, so the bases on both strands of the DNA at that position will now be different from what they were before the mismatch event. The MER-minus strain of yeast does not have a functional mismatch excision repair system, but it has normal base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair systems. Which of the following statements is correct about differences in the mutation spectrum between MER-minus and wildtype yeast? More than one answer is correct. Options: More point mutations will arise in MER-minus yeast. Fewer point mutations will arise in MER-minus yeast as compared with wildtype. Of the total point mutations that…arrow_forwardThe drug Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro) blocks bacterial DNA gyrase enzyme needed to counteract excessive twisting of DNA that occurs when circles of DNA are unwound to be copied into DNA or RNA. Why doesn’t this drug kill human cells?arrow_forward
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