Identify the three types of cytoskeletal elements by dragging the correct label to each of the three targets. A Actin filaments 3 (A) 50 μm BI B Intermediate filaments C Microtubules
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- Cytochalasin D inhibits the formation of microfilaments. Which of the following biological activities will be affected? Select all that apply. Formation of nuclear lamin network Formation of cleavage furrow in telophase U Cytosolic transport of secretory vesicles Movement of phagocytic cellsStructural and functional features of the lysosomes include I. internal pH is higher than the cytosol to provide an acidic pH for the enzymes II. single membrane with a hydrogen ion pump to maintain an acidic pH III. filled with hydrolytic enzymes that are glycosylated IV. its contents are delivered by clathrin-coated vesicles from the TGN II, III, IV only I, II, III only I, II, III, IV I, II, IV onlyThree systems of cytoskeletal filaments exist in most eukaryotic cells. Compare them in terms of composition, function, and structure.
- List and describe the three main types of cytoskeleton. If you wanted to do immunocytochemistry to specifically stain each type of cytoskeleton, what is a protein that could be used for each cytoskeletal type (in other words, what is a unique protein for each cytoskeletal type)? What are three types of actin structures? Describe the involvement of actin structures in cell migration. How is the growth and shrinking of microtubules regulated? Then describe the roles of microtubules in: chromosomal separation during mitosis and the movement of organelles and vesicles within a cell. Describe a possible mechanism on how signaling pathways might impact the cytoskeleton, so that cell migration could be regulated in a localized manner within a multicellular organism. (hint: think about the possible transcriptional regulation of the G-protein regulators) What are 2 main challenges of protein targeting? Then describe one way these challenges are overcome during signal-based targeting and one way…Which of the cytoskeletal structures depicted provide resistance against mechanical stress (think about the disease that causes blistering of the skin with the slightest touch)?Which of the following statements applies to all three major classes of cytoskeletal polymers (microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments)? They have intrinsic polarity They assemble from protein subunits synthesized on free polyribosomes They add subunits only at their ends They are involved in cell motility Their constituent proteins are tissue specific
- Dynamic instability is a term that can be applied to which mature cytoskeletal polymer? Neither microfilaments nor intermediate filaments Microfilaments only Both microfilamers and intermediate filaments Intermediate filaments onlyIdentify the cytoskeletal element being described in each statement below. Note, possible answers include: Microtubules only Microfilaments only Intermediate filaments only Microtubules AND microfilaments All 3Describe the 3 major components of the cytoskeletal system including the proteins that comprise the different members. Describe in detail desmosome; hemidesmosome; gap junction; and tight junction. You must include the cytoskeletal components and include any accessory proteins, where they can be found, and how they help a multicellular organism.
- Please match the junction type with the cytoskeletal component it is associated with Desmosome Tight junction Adherens junction Focal adhesion Hemidesmosome ✓ [Choose ] microtubule none intermediate filament actin [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ]Match the concept in column A to the concept in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided. A В a. acid hydrolases b. addition of sugars to an N and O in an 1 amino group 2 endoplasmic reticulum amino acid side chain. c. supportive scaffolding system d. provide structural stability to the cytoplasm like a steel rods to a Golgi complex 4 lysosomes concrete. e. sorts and packages newly synthesized and modified peroxisomes proteins glycosylation hydroxylation 6 g. involved in chromosomal 7 movements cytoskeleton microtubules h. C-terminus N-terminus 8 9. i. j. attachment of OH to a side chain of 10 intermediate filaments protein k. glycosylation of proteins and synthesis of lipids I. involved in the production of myelin sheaths that protects the neurons.Which of the following cytoskeletal proteins is needed for phagocytosis, amoeboid movements, cytoplasmic streaming, cytokinesis, and contraction of skeletal muscle fibers (in some eukaryotic cells)?
