How many ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorylation ONLY in the complete oxidation of activated palmitate (C16:0 fatty acyl CoA) in a skeletal muscle cell

Unlike a rabbit, running all-out for a few moments to escape a predator, migratory birds require energy for extended periods of time. For example, ducks generally fly several thousand miles during their annual migration. The flight muscles of migratory birds have a high oxidative capacity and obtain the necessary ATP through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA (obtained from fats) via the citric acid cycle. Compare the regulation of muscle glycolysis during short-term intense activity, as in a fleeing rabbit, and during extended activity, as in the migrating duck. Why must the regulation in these two settings be different? Extended activity requires the highly efficient anaerobic metabolism of fats, rather than the less efficient aerobic metabolism of glucose. Extended activity requires the highly efficient aerobic oxidation of fats, rather than the less efficient anaerobic metabolism of glucose. Extended activity stimulates glycolysis because the concentrations of citrate and acetyl-CoA are…

What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to an acceptor oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehyde dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP hydrolysis of GAP oxidation by NAD+ and formation of acyl-phosphate

if each NADH generates 3 ATP molecules and each FADH2 generates 2 ATP molecules, calculate the number of ATP molecules generated from one saturated 10-carbon fatty acid Determine the number of repetitions of the β‑oxidation spiral needed to completely degrade the fatty acid to acetyl-SCoAacetyl-SCoA (acetyl-CoA)(acetyl-CoA) . Calculate the ATPATP produced by the acetyl-SCoAacetyl-SCoA molecules in the citric acid cycle. Calculate the ATPATP produced from the FADH2FADH2 and NADHNADH produced from β‑oxidation. Add the ATPATP generated (from step 2 and 3), and subtract the ATPATP needed to activate the fatty acid.