How is this flagellar protein H antigen useful to those working in a medical laboratory ??

Q: How could colony-stimulating factors be used as a therapy?

A: colony-stimulating factors are used as a  many therapies :

Q: How is a lysogenic cycle different from a lytic cycle?

A: Answer: Introduction: Transduction is the method in which DNA is shifted from one bacterium to…

Q: What is meant by the following terms: granulomatous inflammation, gram-positive organism, and…

A: Given: Need to define the three given terms concisely. The bacteria are tiny microscopic…

Q: How would you argue antigenic nature of LPS in gram negative cell wall?

A: Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by an envelope that contains two membranes: an inner…

Q: Josie developed a poison ivy rash after a camping trip. Her doctor prescribed a cortisone ointment…

A: Contact with plants like poison ivy can result in an allergic reaction. During an allergic reaction,…

Q: Chemicals released to complete extracellular killing include __________. (Select all that apply)…

A: Our immune system act differently in case of intracellular and extracellular infections. Different…

Q: What Are Heterophile Antigens?

A: Antigens are substances that have the ability to initiate an immune response upon entering a host…

Q: Suppose a patient is suffered by fever with inflammation.  What will be the biomarkers to detect…

A: Inflammation It is a local defensive mechanism to the tissue damage to limit the spread of injurious…

Q: What are plaque-forming units?

A: A plaque-forming unit (PFU) is a measure used in virology to describe the number of virus particles…

Q: High numbers of “good” bacteria are foundin the intestine and on the skin. The immune system needs…

A: All cells have distinguishing markers on their surfaces. A portion of the markers is made of…

Q: Why are gram-positive bacteria typically more resistant than gram-negative bacteria to…

A: Bacteria are found everywhere. They can survive almost every where including bottom of oceans, our…

Q: what is the difference between  antigens and haptens

A: The general ability of the body to recognize, neutralize, and eliminate foreign substances is called…

Q: What conditions may cause a false positive test for phagocytic engulfment? How could these factors…

A: Phagocytosis is a cellular event that is essential for the clearance of dead cells from the system…

Q: Why should B cells residing in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues produce IgA?

A: Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules that are concerned with the Humoral immune response of the…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a way that an antibody can destroy a bacterial cell? a.…

A: Ans :- option (D) is right

Q: Immunology What are the two major functions of macrophages in the thymus?

A: Along with lymphocytes and epithelial cells, macrophages are a large population of thymic cells.

Q: What does the white bloodcell do after learning about the antigens of a pathogen?

A: White blood cells also called lymphocytes defends human body from diseases. It accounts only 1…

Q: he name of the waxy chemical found in Mycobacterium cell walls that promotes immunevasion?

A: Neither absolutely gram-negative nor gram-positive, the envelope of mycobacteria  is planned to…

Q: What are the listthe host immune defenses that the microbe would have to overcome to be successful…

A: The first line of defense is broad and aims to keep microbes out of the body. The skin and mucous…

Q: microbial CELLS is the most RESISTANT to disinfectants and antiseptics?

A: Prions are the infectious agent which are misfolded proteins having  the ability to transmit their…

Q: Is lytic or lysogenic more dangerous?

A: Viruses do not replicate by themselves as they use the enzymatic machinery of the host cell for…

Q: Why are certain gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobials…

A: Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by the presence of thin peptidoglycan cell wall. The…

Q: How does Listeria monocytogenes avoid being killed by phagocytes?

A: Introduction Phagocytosis:- It is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger…

Q: Microbiology: explain how brucella evades antibodies and some antibacterial drugs?

A: Pathogenic bacteria utilize an assortment of destructive factors that invest them with the capacity…

Q: What are the targets of cytotoxic cells and how do they destroy them?

A: Cytotoxic T cells are killer cells that directly destroy foreign cells and abnormal body cells.

Q: Why are gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to the cytoplasmic target…

A: Antibiotics are a type of microbial substances which are active against bacterial cells and it is…

Q: How does B cells and Lysozyme fight off infection

A:

Q: which disease occur due to fibrillin defect ? Describe only in few words .

A: Fibrillin is a glycoprotein . It is a component of microfibrils. It is secreted into extracellular…

Q: What term is used to describe the unique molecules found onthe surface of different pathogens?

A: Step 1 Pathogens are disease-causing organisms or parasites. Pathogens have a specific point of…

Q: to immunotechnology, answer the following: Give ONE main difference between: Murine MABs and fully…

A: The capability of the body to induce immune response is called immunity. The foreign particle that…

Q: explain What do hemolysis and crenation

A: In short hemolysis is the destruction of RBC or red blood cells. Which means RBC swells up and burst…

Q: How do microfilariae get into the blood?

A: Microfilariae is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes belonging to family…

Q: hy cannot freeze Human Normal Immunoglobulin injection?

A: Immunoglobulin , which is also known as gamma globulin, is a therapeutic preparation which is…

Q: What is a suspension of killed pathogenic bacteria known as?

A: Bacteria are microscopic single-celled prokaryotes that thrive in diverse environmental conditions.…

Q: ow would you argue antigenic nature of LPS in gram negative cell wall?

A: Bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms which are devoid of membrane bound organelles and a…

Q: Which organism can produce pyocyanin?

A: Answer. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered one of the most common pathogens in hospitals. It is an…

Q: What is the normal bacterial flora? What is its role in defense?

A: Introduction :- A population of bacteria that lives on or in the body and has a special ecological…

Q: how does MALT protect your body?

A: Any substance (foreign or self) that is capable of provoking an immune response in the body is known…

Q: What is Trypanosoma ?

A: The parasites are the organism that lives in another organism called the host. Without the organism…

Q: What is opsonization, and how does opsonization help fightbacterial infection?

A: Antibodies bind with antigen via non-covalent bonds like hydrogen bonds, van der waals interactions.…

Q: Why does vaccination provide long-lasting protection against a disease, while gamma globulin (IgG)…

A: Vaccination: It s a process  that provides active acquired immunity against a particular infectious…

Q: When food leftovers are stored in a refrigerator, how does this help prevent food borne illnesses?

A: Proper food handling and storage can prevent most foodborne illnesses. In order for pathogens to…

Q: Describe an immunodeficiency that a person could have that would cause the immune system to select…

A: Our body, has a natural fighting tendency to eradicate all the foreign substances or germs that has…

Q: How are antibodies to Salmonella H antigen produced? A) antibodies to H antigen are isolated from…

A: The antibodies are produced by the B cells of the vertebrate body. The B cells are present in the…

Q: In what ways is a phagocyte a tiny container of disinfectants?

A: Phagocytes are the cells which protects the body by the process of ingesting the harmful foreign…

Q: What triggers lytic cycle?

A: A lytic cycle refers to the life cycle of the bacterial viruses wherein the formation of viral…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.