Which of the following is NOT a way that an antibody can destroy a bacterial cell? a.  Agglutination b. Lysis via complement fixation c. Lysis via opsonization d. Direct lysis

Q: How does HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)/lead…

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses causes AIDS.This is the condition where gradual failure of immune…

Q: In immunoassays such as western blotting and ELISA the secone antibody binds to what part of the…

A: Antibodies are proteins that are important for our body to destroy pathogens like viruses, bacteria,…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. In what process is…

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: The first cell type active in the innate response is usually a(n)       A) phagocyte.…

A: The innate immune system is the first line of defence in the body.

Q: The immune system of a person is supressed. He was found positive for a pathogen in the diagnostic…

A: ELISA refers to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is a plate-based assay technique and is…

Q: The cross-linkage of antigenic cells by antibodies is known asa. opsonization b. a cross-reaction c.…

A: Antibodies bind with antigen via non-covalent bonds like hydrogen bonds, van der waals interaction.…

Q: Why are encapsolated bacteria generally more pathogenic than un-capsolated strains. a. Because…

A: The capsule is a layer of polysaccharide found outside the cell envelope of bacteria.  Capsule gives…

Q: Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with…

A: Answer is b.)  viruses.

Q: Would it be worse for the function of the antibody for it to lose the Fc region or a Fab region?…

A: The  N-terminal fragment square degree is called the beautiful space, and also the C-terminal…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of B ceIls? a. Has membrane-bound antibodies. b. Produces…

A: Answer : d . Kills infected body cells B cells are responsible for secreting Antibodies. T cells are…

Q: Direct immunofluorescent tests use a labeled antibody to identifya. an unknown microbe b. an unknown…

A: Direct immuno-fluorescence(DIF) is a technique employed in the laboratory to diagnose skin, kidney,…

Q: Monoclonal antibodies recognize a single: a. Antigen b. Bacterium c. Epitope d. B cell

A: Antigens are substances that cause the immune system to create antibodies against them. Antigens are…

Q: Bacterial capsules a. kill phagocytes b. prevent engulfment by phagocytes  c. prevent the…

A: The capsule is referred to as a pathogenicity since it increases bacteria's potential to produce…

Q: Which of the following are important for viral protection

A: Which of the following are important for viral protection? Answer. (b)Interferons

Q: Which pathway of complement activation acts in conjunction with the action of antibodies? А. the…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens or it is the…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. Which of the…

A: In the complement system, complement is the protein molecules. The complement system is part of the…

Q: The main effect of staphylococcal protein A is toa) interfere with phagocytosis.b) enhance the…

A: Answer is b.) enhance the attachment of the Fc portion of antibody to phagocytes.

Q: Both antibodies and particular complement proteins, such as c3b, are capable of aiding phagocytes in…

A: Bacteria are a kind of organic cell. They comprise a huge space of prokaryotic microorganisms.…

Q: Which of these events is not a part of the second line of defense? You may have more than one…

A: Our body has mainly three line of defence. Defensing foreign substances is important to ensure good…

Q: An immunizatin reduces the chance that you will catch a severecase of disease because the…

A: Immunization is the process of developing immunity against the particular pathogen by the…

Q: Which of the following is NOT TRUE about immunological tests?   Question 2 options: A Antibodies…

A:

Q: What component must have been present in the positive control solution (antigen, anti-HIV IgG…

A: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a plate-based assay technique designed for detecting…

Q: Contact dermatitis: A. is antibody mediated B. is both a type I hypersensitivity reaction and is…

A:

Q: A pathogenic bacteria "B" has an antigen "A". A vaccine has been prepared using "A". However, "A"…

A: Immunogenicity refers to an antigen's (i.e., vaccine's) ability to elicit an immune response in a…

Q: Describe the two methods a bacterial cell dies due to activating the complement system;

A: The complement system is an innate immune system component that consists of a series of proteins…

Q: Which reaction requires complement?a. hemagglutination b. precipitation c. hemolysis d. toxin…

A: The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins that react with one…

Q: to immunotechnology, answer the following: Give ONE main difference between: Murine MABs and fully…

A: The capability of the body to induce immune response is called immunity. The foreign particle that…

Q: Anti-A antibody will react with cells with: a. A-Antigen O b.B-antigen OC. C-antigen d. D-antigen

A: Blood is a liquid substance which flows in the blood vessels and carry nutrients and oxygen to the…

Q: Describe one way the immune system could respond when it is exposed to the genetically altered…

A: Answer:  IMMUNE SYSTEM = It is the system of any human being which describes the immunity.  IMMUNITY…

Q: What is the term that describes how pathogens alter their surface antigens to prevent antibody…

A: one of the ways infectious agents or pathogens invade the immune system of human body is by altering…

Q: Which of the following is not part of the human immune response? A) producing antibodies B) the skin…

A: When there is antigen enter in human bidy immune system recognizes and destroys, substances that…

Q: Which of the following is the best definition of antigen?   Question 8 options:   A)  something…

A: To find: The best definition of antigen

Q: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is characterized by which of the following? a. Caused by a…

A: Reproduction is defined as the process of an organism by which it produces a offspring that re…

Q: Substances that are injected containing an antigen to stimulate the immune system to respond are…

A: The immune system is a control network of organs and immune cells that detect and kill foreign…

Q: In relation to immunotechnology, answer the following:Give ONE main difference between: Murine MABs…

A: MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) are antigen-recognizing glycoproteins that are made…

Q: Examine the figure shown below of a secreted glycoprotein. a. What does this figure depict? b.…

A: The diagram depicts thw y shaped structure that is made up of several blocks of different colours.…

Q: _____ describes the situation when the immune response generated against an influenza strain limits…

A: Introduction  An immune response is a process that takes place within an organism in order to…

Q: Some photographers develop a sensitivity to certain film developing chemicals leading to severe…

A: Hypersensitivity is characterized as the immune system's maladaptive reaction to self-antigens or…

Q: Explain Which Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called…

A: The body's operation is extremely complicated. Different organ systems are important in sustaining…

Q: which one of the following properties of antibodies is NOT dependant on the structure of the…

A: The immunoglobin molecule is a Y shaped molecule that consists of four polypeptide chains i.e  Two…

Q: If our immune system can recognize any foreign antigen, why is it necessary to vaccinate a person?

A: The immune system is alerted that something foreign has entered the body and hence elicits an immune…

Q: Which part of the immune system does not target specific new variants of the COVID 19 invaders? A)…

A: It can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate…

Q: Widespread immunity that protects the population from the spread ofdisease is calleda.…

A: Immunity is the state of being protected from foreign antigens and infections. It is basically…

Q: Based off of the concept of the COVID-19 vaccination, which of the following conditions is very…

A: The COVID-19 vaccine is formed from the mRNA of the virus particles and in some cases the harmless…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.