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How is the cell membrane like a battery?
Membrane potential (think of the properties of a battery)
Resting membrane potential
- Na+ and K+ ions -> -70 mV
- Na+/K+ pump
- Stored energy for work
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Solved in 2 steps
- A cell has a membrane potential of -100 mV (more negative inside than outside) and has 1,000 times more calcium ions outside the cell than inside. Which best describes a mechanism by which Ca2+ enters this cell? facilitated diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient movement of Ca2+ into the cell through an ion channel down its concentration gradient passive diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient cotransport of Ca2+ into the cell with Cl- movement of Ca2+ into the cell through a carrier protein down its electrical gradient I know that the answer is 1 but please explain why. Thank you.What is the free energy change for the transport of calcium ions (Ca++) across a membrane from a region (left) where the concentration is 50 micromolar to a region (right) where the concentration is 50 micromolar? A membrane potential of 60 mV exists across the membrane where the right side is more negative than the left side. The temperature is 25 C.Calculate the free energy changes at 20°C for the transmembrane movement of Na and K ions using the conditions presented Figure 9.1. Assume the membrane potential is -70 mV. Use 3 significant figures. AG (Na) - AG (K) = kJ. mol ¹ kJ mol2 A
- What is a common feature of the voltage sensitive Ca++, Na+ and K+ ion channels? A single polypeptide sequence made up of 4 domains A voltage sensing S4 transmembrane domain A transmembrane S5-S6 hydrophobic subunit that binds the membrane A voltage sensing extracellular P loopThe electrochemical gradient across the plasma membraneGroup of answer choices is caused by more sodium on the inside of the cell relative to the outside of the cell Contains stored potential energy that can be harvested by the cell is caused solely by the sodium/potassium ATPase is a form of kinetic energy that can be harvested by the cell All of the aboveThis type of ion channel allows K+ ions to flow into or out of a cell down its concentration gradient. voltage-gated ligand-gated Leak Na+/K+ ATP pump
- Chloride ions (Cl-) are in higher concentration outside of the cell compared to the intracellular fluid (ICF). If a cell is at rest and chloride-specific ion channels open, identify what would happen. Choose ALL of the correct answers. 1 Some chloride will enter the cell, but the concentration gradient for chloride will not change much. 2 The membrane will hyperpolarize 3 Chloride will come into the cell until it reaches chemical equilibrium. 4 The membrane potential won't change. 5 The membrane will depolarize 6 Some chloride will leave the cell, but the concentration gradient for chloride will not change muchThe resting membrane potential is established by? The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping K+ into the cell and Na+ out of the cell A larger diffusion of K+ out of the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ into the cell A larger diffusion of K+ into the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ out of the cell a) and d) b) and c)Which of the following takes place during phase L? +30 M N K -55 -70 Time Sodium ions move into the cell Sodium ions move out of the cell Potassium ions move into the cell Potassium ions move our of the cell Membrane potential (mV)
- Based on the Movement of Water across a Selectively Permeable Membrane lab, what is a selectively permeable membrane definition? allows small molecules like corn syrup to pass but does not let large water molecules pass allows large molecules like corn syrup to pass but does not let larger water molecules pass allows large proteins like corn syrup to pass but does not let large water molecules pass allows small molecules like water to pass but does not let larger molecules like corn syrup pass *What is throwing me off is the comparison or larger vs smaller moleculesOne of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.