How does lidocaine cause numbness when injected? destroys pain receptors  repolarizes sensory axons blocks effectors from reaching threshold prevents voltage gated channels from opening

Q: Name the following ion channels are sensitive to pressure waves in fluid of the inner ear?…

A: Introduction The organs of hearing and equilibrium are a pair of ears that are situated on the sides…

Q: QUESTION 14 What is the function of the presynaptic "autoreceptors" in axon terminals? a. To release…

A: Neuron is the main functional units of nervous system it contains axon, dendritic cells, cell body…

Q: Extracellular recordings create a distinct action potential. Choose the option that best describes…

A: INTRODUCTION :  Extracellular recordings - These are recordings of electrical potentials which are…

Q: So named beacause it acts under conscious control?

A: Conscious control means which is under the will or the control of the individual.

Q: Enkephalin blocks pain transmission by :-a- blocking the response of pain receptors to painful…

A: Neurotransmitters that have amino acids linked by peptide bonds are called neuropeptides.…

Q: Where in a myelinated axon are nearly all of the ion channels concentrated?   options:   the cell…

A: In myelinated axons we see myelin layer on the surface of axon. So, we don't see ionic channels…

Q: You are recording from a touch receptor in skin. When you stimulate a spot on the skin, the receptor…

A: Answer :- Option (B) is correct. - Whether the receptor sends its output to the somatosensory cortex…

Q: why would someone who has a damaged esophagous due to acid feel pain on his heart and back?…

A: GERD/Gastro-esophageal reflux disease- is one of the upper gastrointestinal diseases which is…

Q: Let's say you are at the dentist and you need numbing, so Lidocaine is used. Ahhh, you feel nothing.…

A: Anesthesia is used to block pain sensations. It is of two types namely local and general. Local…

Q: Classify the given items with the appropriate group. Voltage-gated sodium channels are opened then…

A: The refractory period is a classical property of an electrically excitable cell, in this case, a…

Q: You take a bite of a Fugu cake made with fresh puffer fish liver, and your lips rapidly develop a…

A: Introduction: Pufferfish poisoning can cause a constellation of symptoms including a tingling…

Q: How do ion channels that are highly selective obtain high selectivity for that specific ion?

A: The biological membranes are selectively permeable. All molecules are not transported across the…

Q: At the axon terminus, gates for a new ion open. What is the ion and which direction does it flow…

A: Action potential generates when the neurons want to pass the information along the body from its…

Q: Which of the following best describes the behavior of a gated channel? It stays open continuously…

A: There are numerous membrane proteins that function as ion channels throughout the plasma membrane.…

Q: Why does tolerance not develop with drugs that target ion

A: Tolerance is a biological process in which repeated and increasing frequency of dose of the drug is…

Q: Which of the following channels opens in an excitatory cholinergic response?     ligand-gated K+…

A: Action potentials depolarize the membrane and open voltage-gated Na+ channels when they reach the…

Q: A stronger stimulus means that the action potentials traveling down your nerves will have a higher…

A: Nerve is a complex structure comprising of a collection of neurone, blood vessels, lymph vessels and…

Q: Almost all neurons have Schwann cells where the cell receives stimuli Dendrites where process…

A: The nervous system is a complicated biological part made up of a network of many nerves. Signal…

Q: Describe how opioids act at the synaptic cleft to block nerve transmission and prevent pain…

A: Opioids are substances that can prodyce mlrphine like effects.  They used for pain relief and…

Q: You prepare a squid giant axon and inject it with a tiny volume of solution containing 0.1 M NaCl…

A: At beginning the radioactive Na+ ions and K+ ions are remains inside of the axon, as a result of…

Q: These sensory receptors when activated result in the movement of both calcium and sodiujm ions…

A: Sensory receptors play a key role in responding to stimuli. They can sense different sensations like…

Q: Following administration of an opiate drug, "pain signals" are prevented from getting out of the…

A: Introduction: Opiates are a class of drugs that include natural and synthetic substances such as…

Q: Action potential frequency in phasic receptors with a prolonged stimulus in tonic receptars with a…

A: The sensory system is composed of sensory receptors that are present at the peripheral ending of the…

Q: For each phase of the graph below (Resting, Stimulus, Action Potential, Hyperpolarization), indicate…

A: Direction of ions :At rest, the membranes of excitable cells are far more permeable to K+(allowing K…

Q: Is dual innervation the same as inhibition?

A: Nerves are part of the nervous system, which is responsible for controlling and coordinating…

Q: Which of the following is a correct functional match for CGMP? A Opens calcium ion channels Smooth…

A: B-Smooth muscle relaxation cGMP is a typical controller of particle channel conductance,…

Q: The following diagram helps explain which of the following phenomena? C fiber (nociceptive)…

A: Pain is referred to as a primary human instinct which can be briefed as a distressing sensation or…

Q: How would the afferent pathway be affected by exposing this entire neuron to a drug that blocks…

A: Afferent pathway is a neural pathway which helps in conduction of nerve impulses from the sense…

Q: How do proteins and other chemicals synthesized in the soma get to the axon terminals? By what…

A: Each neuron consists of a cell body called Cyton and it has numerous branches called nerve fibers…

Q: Which mechanism consumes energy to move ions across the neuron cell membrane? sodium-potassium…

A: There are two types of transport mechanisms- active transport and passive transport. Active…

Q: Please place the boxes according to cell received stimulus and cel

A: The resting membrane potential explains what happens when a neuron is at rest. An action potential…

Q: How can molecules pass through a closed gate such as in ligand-gated channel protein? Group of…

A: Cell is the basic structural and function unit of life.

Q: How do we distinguish a strong stimulus from a weak one when the information about both stimuli is…

A: A complex network of nerves and cells which carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to…

Q: If I used an electrode to depolarize an axon to threshold in the middle of the axon (halfway between…

A: An action potential happens when the membrane capability of a particular cell area quickly rises and…

Q: We feel pain due to action potential carried by sensory neurons to the brain . The pain killer may…

A: Pain Pain is subjective and associated with tissue damage. It is an unpleasant sensory experience…

Q: In neurons, the direction of signal is always: Up axon to soma (cell body) O Down soma (cell body)…

A: Neurons use both electrical impulses and chemical signals to transmit the information between…

Q: “Although originally designed as a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue, gabapentin does not interact…

A: The quote provided discusses the pharmacological action of gabapentin, a drug originally designed as…

Q: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors allow both sodium and potassium to flow across the cell membrane…

A: Ach receptors stand for the acetylcholine receptors. These receptors functions in a similar manner…

Q: What is the reason  tolerance does not develop with drugs that target ion channels?

A: Tolerance occurs when the immune system actively avoids responding to an external antigen. Tolerance…

Q: D) The concentration of this ion and negatively charged proteins is much greater inside the cell…

A: The Neuron's membrane consists of sodium to be present in large quantity in the extracellular part…

Q: outline the neurochemical transmission and inhibition of pain. Then using the gate-control theory,…

A: Pain is an unpleasant sensation experienced by a person and it is highly subjective. Pain experience…

Q: Explain how transductin works regarding the sensation of touch

A: Transduction in the nervous system typically refers to stimulus-alerting events wherein a physical…