How does ribosomal frameshifting allow for two different proteins to be translated from the same viral RNA without the ribosome falling off the RNA?

Q: What are the differences between translation and transcription in bacteria and eukaryotes? Give a…

A: Differences:                                     Bacteria…

Q: ugar compounds that bear significant negative charges. Which of the following mutations in the virus…

A: Sialic acid is a group of derivatives of neuraminic acid found in animal tissues and fluids as parts…

Q: The -35 and-10 consensus sequences upstream from the transcription start site are A) O located in…

A: Transcription is the process of formation of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) from the DNA…

Q: How does the process of transcription differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A: Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA. While the overall process of…

Q: HIV infection can be interrupted before integration into a chromosome by a) a termination tRNA is…

A: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that is the causative agent of Acquired…

Q: Researchers have been determining the nucleotide sequences of variant forms of SARS-CoV-2, looking…

A: The question is all about the mutations that are defined as the abrupt changes in DNA sequences that…

Q: A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete…

A: The eukaryotic DNA is composed of coding and non-coding sequences, almost 90% are non-coding…

Q: Several common antibiotics affect some strains of bacteria's ability to carry out transcription…

A: Transcription is a heterocatalytic action of DNA by means of which RNA is synthesized from specific…

Q: Draw/Diagram and describe RNA processing in eukaryotes. Where does this take place?  description…

A: RNA processing ( Splicing ) in eukaryotes is removal non coding segments (introns) and capping and…

Q: Codon optimization is a widely used process for recombinant expression in prokaryotic systems.…

A: The codon is comprised of three nucleotides or triplets of bases. A nucleotide refers to a molecule…

Q: So I know that most DNA viruses use the cell’s DNA-dependent RNA polymerases to make mRNAs for…

A: cap snatching is a process during transcription initiation that reduces the size of the nucleotide…

Q: What is its functional difference with the RNA polymerases found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic…

A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps in DNA dependent RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase catalyzes the…

Q: Shown below is a drawing showing the result of an experiment in which an RNA molecule is allowed to…

A: Answer) The correct option is a) Eukaryotic mRNA.   In eukaryotes, The genes contain some non-coding…

Q: 26) The accompanying drawing represents simultaneous transcription and translation in E. coli. The…

A: Protein synthesis takes place in two stages, namely, transcription and translation. Transcription is…

Q: Reverse transcriptase has ribonuclease activity as well as polymerase activity. What is the role of…

A: The biological catalysts that speed up the biochemical reactions are called “enzymes”. They act on…

Q: What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of RNA polymerase?

A: Gene expression is a process by which the genes are turned on to form RNA and proteins. This is seen…

Q: Inhibiting the reverse transcriptase of HIV is a common method for treating HIV infections. a) The…

A: HIV is an RNA virus which has reverse transcriptase enzyme that can convert the RNA to DNA.

Q: It was discovered that COVID19 RNA is a sense (+) strand. If the RNA sequence that codes for the 5…

A: A sense strand, also known as a coding strand, is a stretch of double-stranded DNA that carries the…

Q: Which of the following is a possible consequence of a mutation that introduces a premature stop…

A: The stop codons are the specific genetic codon that do not codes any amino acids during the…

Q: Since COVID19 RNA is able to replicate exponentially in human cells without being detected…

A: Covid is a disease caused by corona virus.  This is a epidemiological disease.

Q: What is the RNA template that comes from it ? 5’-G-C-C-A-T

A: The RNA template is the protein synthesis template or the type of RNA that transports information…

Q: The sequence below shows the ends of one strand of a linear chromosome, with slashes representing…

A: DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy-ribose nucleic acid in which…

Q: What is the concept behind RNAI? Explain in terms of how it works.

A: A "nucleic acid" is a linear polymer of nucleotides that is a component of the cell's information…

Q: How does the nucleotide sequence of the (+) DNA strand differ from that of the RNA transcript?

A: DNA contains both coding and non-coding region where introns are non-coding regions and exons are…

Q: a mutation in the gene encoding Dicer would most likely result in: A) a failure to break the H…

A: Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in…

Q: What is the major difference between bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes that makes it…

A: Prokaryotes are the organisms that possess primitive cellular organization such as bacteria. They do…

Q: what is the role of rna polymerase? Does it catalyzes the polymerization step (adding new nucleotide…

A: RNA polymerase is a critical enzyme in the transcription process, which is the first step in gene…

Q: The RNAi and the microRNA (miRNA) pathways share many components and characteristics. What unique…

A: After being processed and incorporated into the Argonaute proteins which employ them for controlling…

Q: The bacteriophage genome consists of many genes encoding proteins that make up the head, collar,…

A: Bacteriophages are the group I viruses that have double-stranded DNA as their genome.

Q: How are poly-adenosine tails added to subgenomic mRNAs of RNA viruses? Repeated uracil bases on the…

A: The question is asking about the process of adding poly-adenosine tails to subgenomic mRNAs of RNA…

Q: List three important properties of RNA polymerase from E. coli.

A: RNA polymerase from E.coli consists of 5 subunits- two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, one beta…

Q: If you were to hybridize a eukaryotic gene to its corresponding mRNA, the two molecules would not…

A: The transcription is the process in which the mRNA copied information from DNA for protein…

Q: Describe how an Rna molecule is translated into a protein at the ribosome

A: The process of synthesis of protein from RNA is known as translation and occurs within a specialized…

Q: During the process of transcription, the polymerase must handle several distinct polynucleotide…

A: Introduction :- Because its sequence will match that of the new RNA molecule, the nontemplate strand…

Q: How does the process of transcription differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a) Prokaryotes have…

A: Transcription: Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied…

Q: Considering that prokaryote genomes do not have large introns, how is it possible to move a…

A: Technically, a eukaryotic gene may be transferred into a modified bacteria via genetic engineering…

Q: The following is a sample primary RNA transcript. What must first occur before it can be translated?…

A: Introduction Transcription Is The Process Of Copying Information From A Strand Of DNA Into A New…

Q: What are the  major subunits of a bacterial RNA polymerase?  list all of them

A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

Q: Is it surprising that the mRNA must be stabilized with chemicals that need ultra-cold or frozen…

A: There are many coronaviruses in air. Most of them cause upper respiratory tract infection like…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.