How could you use the diversity of metabolic pathways that produce the same or similar products to critique this argument? Rank the steps from first to last.  a. New enzymes cause modification of the pathway in an advantageous way. b. The biochemical pathway is gradually modified. c. A pathway exists and accomplishes some functions. d. An organism with cellular enzymes has mutations that allow new enzymes to arise.

Give one example of a disease and briefly explain the molecular basis of the disease. apply the concepts about the inter-relatedness of metabolic pathways.

You are studying Protein X, which is a tetramer whose function is to bind glucose. You have found a molecule that is an allosteric effector of the protein’s activity.  This means that:     a. The molecule causes Protein X to bind O2 very tightly b. The molecule does not bind in the active site but affects the function of the protein c. The molecule is highly negatively charged d. The molecule binds in the same site as glucose

Which of the following is NOT true about enzymes     A. they do not alter reaction equilibria     B. they accelerate the forward rate of a reaction     C. they decrease ∆G’0 of a reaction     D. they accelerate the reverse rate of a reaction      E. they stabilize transition states

One of the functions of the pentose phosphate pathway is to make NADPH, which plays important roles in many functions. Which of the following is NOT the function of NADPH? O a. O b. O C. O d. O e. ROS detoxification Biosynthesis of fatty acids Translation Biosynthesis of cholesterol Drug metabolism

An Enzyme..     A. Becomes part of the final products B. Is consumed by the reaction C. Is nonspecfic for substrate D. is heat & pH sensitive

F3

Which of the following is true about allosteric enzymes? A. Allosteric enzymes are always multimeric. B. Regulatory sites (allosteric sites) on an allosteric enzyme are always different from the catalytic site. C. Allosteric enzymes always change the conformation of the active site in response to binding of an allosteric modulator. D. Suicide inactivators are examples of allosteric modulators.

A dichotomous key works by determining positive and negative reactions to different biochemicals. Why does this method allow us to identify one species of organism from another? – for this question, do not describe the dichotomous key procedure, think about why it works, what are biochemical reactions based on? Think enzymatic pathways, what are enzymes, what are they a reflection of? Keep the answer between 2-3 sentences

Name and describe three ways discussed in class that enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction   A.   B.   C.