gel filtration chromotagrpahy

Chromatographic techniques:

• These are a diverse group of laboratory methods that are used for the separation and analysis of mixtures of substances.
• These are widely employed in various scientific disciplines such as chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology and environmental science.
• Thes techniques relies on the differential distribution of components within a sample between a stationary phase and a mobile phase which allows the separation and identification of individual compounds.
• There are different types of chromatographic techniques which include GC, HPLC, LLC, Ion exchange chromatography, SEC, TLC, Paper chromatography, Affinity chromatography, HIC, Chiral chromatography, SPE, etc.,
• The specific chromatographic technique  is selected depending on the nature of the sample and the properties of the compounds to be separated.

Electrophoretic techniques:

• These are a group of laboratory methods used to separate and analyze charged molecules i.e., DNA, RNA, proteins, and particles, based on their mobility in an electric field.
• These techniques are essential tools in various scientific disciplines such as molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics and materials science.
•  There are different types of electrophoretic techniques which include Gel electrophoresis, PAGE, CE, Proteomics electrophoresis, Agarose Gel electrophoresis, PFGE, IEF, EMSA, Particle electrophoresis, Electrophoresis in Microfluidic Devices, etc., 

pH:

• It is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity) of a solution.
• It quantifies the concentration of H⁺ ions in a solution.
• The scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, by considering 7 as neutral.
• When pH of a solution is below 7, it is considered as acidic solution.
  
• When pH of a solution is above 7, it is considered as basic or alkaline solution.
• It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration i.e., pH = -log[H⁺].