gea albbiM Obj 29 Identify the specific terms applied to transcription and translation described by each statement below.288 a genetic code in which there may be more than one amino acid coded for one codon. a codon that apparently does not code for an amino acid. 7 the term applied to the codon AUG which inserts formylated methionine in a polypeptide. the form of energy that is used to move the ribosome alone the mRNA. the enzyme that is responsible for attaching aminoacids to tRNA. the formation of a protein directed by a given mRNA molecule. the synthesis of RNA 02A 079 sll D 11

A frameshift mutation is caused by a: a. nucleotide substitution b. three-base insertion c. premature stop codon d. one-base insertion e. two-base deletion

Which of the following sequences on a DNA molecule would be complementary to GCTTATAT? TAGGCGCG ATCCGCGC CGAATATA TGCCTCTC

An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following structure. Which of the following is not a possible size (in bp) of the mature mRNA? 205bp 180bp 150bp 100bp

An adult with a history of tanning has his genome sequenced. The beginning of a protein-coding region of his DNA reads ATGGGGATATGGCAT. If the protein-coding region of a healthy adult reads ATGGGGATATGAGCAT, identify the site and type of mutation.

Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes cells more robust to mutations.

A normal mRNA that reads 5’ - UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’ has an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5' -UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA, and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. (Hint: Be sure to find the initiation site.)

Energy that drives translation is provided mainly by ___ . a. ATP b. amino acids c. CTP d. all of the above

About 95% of the average human transcription unit consists of: a. short repeat sequences. b. protein-coding sequences. c. regulatory sequences. d. introns. e. origins of replication.

The following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-