For each of the following, identify whether the statement about Hox genes is true for Drosophila only, vertebrates only, or both Drosophila and vertebrates. Hox genes are present in the genome. Both Drosophila and vertebrat v Different hox genes are expressed in [Choose ] body segments along the anterior- posterior body axis. Duplication has resulted in several hox [Choose] gene clusters in the genome. Hox genes are expressed after gap [Choose ] genes and pair-rule genes.

For each of the following, identify whether the statement about Hox genes is true for Drosophila only, vertebrates only, or both Drosophila and vertebrates. Hox genes are present in the genome. Both Drosophila and vertebrat v Different hox genes are expressed in [Choose ] body segments along the anterior- posterior body axis. Duplication has resulted in several hox [Choose] gene clusters in the genome. Hox genes are expressed after gap [Choose ] genes and pair-rule genes.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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A number of genes that control expression of Hox genes in Drosophila have been identified. One of these homozygous mutants is extra sex combs, where some of the head and all of the thorax and abdominal segments develop as the last abdominal segment. In other words, all affected segments develop as posterior segments. What does this phenotype tell you about which set of Hox genes is controlled by the extra sex combs gene?
Each of the vertebrate Hox genes is present in 4 copies of the genome (TRUE or FALSE)
If myoglobin is found in all chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates, b-globin is found in all vertebrates, a-globin in all ostracoderm descendants, z-globin in all gnathostomes, e-globin in all viviparous mammals, and g-globin in all placental mammals, then the most ancient of these genes: must be epsilon-globin (e-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral marsupials must be myoglobin, found only in descendants of the chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates must be gamma-globin (g-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral placentals must be zeta-globin (z-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral gnathostome fishes must be beta-globin (b-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral vertebrates
If myoglobin is found in all chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates, b-globin is found in all vertebrates, a-globin in all ostracoderm descendants, z-globin in all gnathostomes, e-globin in all viviparous mammals, and g-globin in all placental mammals, then the most recent globin gene must be: epsilon-globin (e-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral marsupials myoglobin, found only in descendants of the chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates gamma-globin (g-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral placentals zeta-globin (z-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral gnathostome fishes beta-globin (b-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral vertebrates
If myoglobin is found in all chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates, b-globin is found in all vertebrates, a-globin in all ostracoderm descendants, z-globin in all gnathostomes, e-globin in all viviparous mammals, and d-globin in all eutherian mammals, then the most recent globin gene must be: myoglobin, found only in descendants of the chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates zeta-globin (z-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral gnathostome fishes epsilon-globin (e-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral marsupials beta-globin (b-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral vertebrates delta-globin (g-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral eutherians
Because offspring inherit the mitochondrial genome only from the mother, evolutionarily the mitochondrial genome in males encounters a dead end. The mitochondrial genome in males has no significant impact on the genetic information of future generations. Scientists have proposed that this can result in an accumulation of mutations that have a negative impact on genetic fitness of males but not females. Experiments with Drosophila support this possibility. What experimental data or evidence would you want to evaluate or consider to determine if an accumulation of mtDNA mutations negatively impacts the fitness of males of any species?
How are the mammalian Hox genes related to the homeotic genes of Drosophila? How do the Hox genes contribute to morphological diversity in vertebrates, give an example.
Which of the following molecular events is NOT involved in Drosophila ventralization? a. Easter protein splits spatzle protein. b. Snake protein cleaves easter protein. c. Spatzle protein cleaves nudel protein. d. Gastrulation defective (gd) protein splits snake protein Which of the following molecular events is NOT true of drosophila segmentation?* a. Hox genes define the identity of each segment. b. Gap genes define several broad areas. c. Pair rule genes define segment locations. d. Maternal effect genes determine segment boundaries. The dextral orientation of organs is promoted by which of the following molecular events?* a. activation of torso gene by acron ligands b. activation of Tube and Pelle proteins by Toll protein c. phosphorylation of the cactus protein by Tube and Pelle d. activation of myosin 1D gene by Hox gene abdominal-B protein Activation of the goosecoid gene for dorsalization does NOT…
In the Central Nervous system, Hox genes are involved in segemation of... ( Choices are cerebral cortex,cerebellum,mid-brain, or rhombomeres)
provide one example from the Drosophila AP toolkit for "Toolkit genes can be classified according to the phenotypes caused by their mutation. Similar mutant phenotypes often reflect genes that function in a single developmental pathway. Distinct pathways exist for the generation of body axes, for example, and for the formation and identity of fields."
The following choices are various developmental phenomena relating to the concepts and principles in developmental biology. A. Concept of apoptosis B. Concept of prefomed guidelines C. Concept of programmed gene action D. Concept of capacity E. Concept of fate F. Concept of environmental influences G. Concept of induction H. Concept of progressively formed guidelines I. Concept of Differentiation J. Concept of guidelines K. Concept of Gradient L. Concept of differentiation Question #1. Metamorphosis in frog. What concept? Question #2. An endodermal cell taken from a late gastrula stage grafted in the region of the ectoderm developed into stomach. What concept?
In the fish Species a, the expression of different combinations of four Hox genes results in structural differences in tissues and organs along the anterior-posterior axis. Figure 3 shows the expression pattern of four genes, i.e. Genes 1 – 4, and the tissue produced along the embryonic anterior - posterior plane of fish Species a wild type. The influence of Hox genes on the formation of specific types of tissue can be determined by introducing gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in specific Hox genes. Looking at Figure 3, predict what would happen to each one of the four types of tissues, if the expression of gene 3 was expanded anteriorly by a gain-of-function mutation so that the pattern of gene 3 expression would be the same as that of gene 2.