FIGURE 12-24 Mutations were used to identify genes that suppress, Su(var), or enhance, Eſvar), position-effect variegation. Some gene products enhance or suppress the spread of heterochromatin Second-site mutations that affect the spreading of heterochromatin Drosophila eye (translocated white*) E(var) Spreading enhanced. More white are silenced. Spreading suppressed. Fewer white are silenced. Su(var)

Q: 1. a)What would happen if the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase responsible for charging alanine tRNAs also…

A: The polymerization of amino acids according to the codons on mRNA to form proteins is known as…

Q: What is meant by the term transcription factor modulation? List three general ways this can occur.

A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis process. The conserved part in…

Q: Why might some cells in the body, such as those in bonemarrow, be more susceptible to ribosomal…

A: Mutation It is the sudden heritable changes happening in the genotype of the organism which is…

Q: Which step of the Central Dogma is responsible for transmission of genetic information from…

A: The central dogma is a process through which the information present in the DNA is converted into…

Q: Draw the SMN2 pre-mRNA (SMN2 has 10 exons and 9 introns), indicate the 5’ and 3’ SS location. [2pts]

A: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which results from the deficiency of articulation of the endurance of…

Q: What mutations are possible in gene ZFPM2?

A: ZFPM 2 is a multi zinc finger protein. It helps in transcription regulation of certain genes by…

Q: 3. The Lysine-rich (KKRPKPGG) octapeptide sequence has been shown to bind selectively to a class of…

A: Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide/amide bonds with release of the water…

Q: Briefly discuss somatic hypermutation. What is the function of SH? What does SH result in? Name the…

A: Introduction:- The majority of antibodies that express germ-line sequences have a poor affinity.…

Q: What is the significance of the terminal inverted repeats oftransposons?

A: Transposons are the sequences of the nucleotides in the genome that have the ability to change their…

Q: What is the Results of tra splicing in the absence of Sxl protein?

A: sxl or sex lethal gene is found in Drosophila melanogaster. sxl gene in Drosophila regulates the sex…

Q: Assuming each dimer binds to one unique sequence, how many unique sequences can protein dimers…

A: Proteins are biomolecules, which are made from amino acids. They are polymers of amino acids. They…

Q: Describe how polymorphisms is found at 13910-C/T and 22018-G/A in the regulatory area of the lactase…

A: Lactose is the main sugar in milk, which is a disaccharide. It is hydrolyzed by intestinal lactase…

Q: Mutations that inactivate p53 have a recessive phenotype, whereas mutations affecting Ras are…

A: P53 is a tumor protein, which codes for the protein that regulates the cell cycle and suppresses…

Q: Is the mutation in the sickle cell gene a point mutation or a frameshift mutation?

A: Point mutations are a large category of mutations that describe a change in single nucleotide of…

Q: Insulin is a peptide hormone encoded by the INS gene, which is on chromosome 11. Insulin is produced…

A: The hormone insulin is required by the body to reduce the level of blood glucose. The pancreatic…

Q: Extracting DNA From Strawberries Is isopropyl alcohol polar or nonpolar? Explain

A: DNA extraction is used to isolate dna molecule from the cells . It helps in removing impurities and…

Q: Where is the DNA that encodes the last 13 residues of the variable domain?

A: Antibodies are made up of four polypeptide chains namely two heavy chains and two light chains (L).…

Q: His-64 is an amino acid in myoglobin's herne-binding pocket. It is called the "distal histidine." A…

A: Myoglobin is a oxygen carrying protein similar to hemoglobin, present in muscle tissues that is…

Q: What roles do the SH2 and SH3 domains play in the function of GRB2?

A: The receptor tyrosine kinase is a type of cell surface receptor that binds to ligands such as…

Q: In the corn snake Pantherophis guttatus, there are several different color variants, including…

A: Introns are non-coding sequences and exons are coding sequences in the gene. Splicing is the process…

Q: How many of the mutations listed below would lead to excessive cell growth when the cell was either…

A: Excessive growth occurs when a cell continuously divides and when there is no cell cycle arrest. Myc…

Q: Which classification of AML best fits this morphology, immunophenotyping, and cytochemistry? Select…

A: Leukemia is a specific type of blood cancer that is caused due to the abnormal increases in the…

Q: The phenotype of a heterozygous mouse (Aa) is agouti.  The agouti banding pattern is due to altered…

A: * Homozygous dominant and Heterozygous will produce agouti that is AA or Aa respectively  and the…

Q: What are some limitations in the use of ASOs for exon-skipping therapies in Duchenne muscular…

A: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a muscular disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene…

Q: Beadle and Tatum removed arginine and other substances from the nutrient medium of the mutated…

A: Beadle and Tatum experimentally proved the "one gene one enzyme" hypothesis. They took wild-type…

Q: What is the major problem in identifying genes encodingnontranslated RNA?

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Q: Explain the difference between a gain-of-functionmutation and a dominant-negative mutation. Why…

A: A mutation is referred to as a change in an organism's DNA sequence. Mutations can occur as a result…

Q: Which form of Retinoblastoma typically results in unilateral disease and exhibits 2-hit mutational…

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Q: Consider a mutant form of the lac repressor protein whose ΔGo for binding DNA differs from that of…

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Q: What is the difference between: CYP3A4*1 and CYP3A4*2 CYP1A1*2B and CYP1A1*2C i. ii. i. ii. Briefly…

A: The provided questions address the differences between specific allelic variants of genes associated…

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Q: There are three different chitin synthase genes that control the chitin synthesis in Saccharomyces…

A: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chitin Synthesis --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of fungus…

Q: How do loss of function mutations associated with Artemis (protein) cause their resulting…

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Q: Sickle-cell anemia is a recessive autosomal disorderthat is caused by an amino acid substitution in…

A: The autosomal recessive disorder occurs as a result of the inheritance of two mutated genes that…

Q: What type of mutation is sickle cell anemia? Explain the molecular basis of sickle cell anemia.

A: Sickle cell anemia is an abnormal condition that arises due to the mutation in the beta-globin chain…

Q: What happens when a nonsense mutation is introduced into a transposon's gene encoding transposase?

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Q: With age, somatic cells are thought to accumulategenomic “scars” as a result of the inaccurate…

A: A cell is a cytoplasmic structure that's also outwardly attached by a cell membrane. Cells are the…

Q: What is the co-transduction index of histidine and tyrosine, standardized on tyrosine? Recipient…

A: The co-transduction index of histidine and tyrosine, standardized on tyrosine, can be calculated as…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.