f the initial interstellar cloud in star formation has a mass sufficient to form hundreds of stars, how does a single star form from it?

Q: Which of the following accurately describes why massive stars can no longer fuse elements at their…

A: It is asked, which of the following accurately describes why massive stars can no longer fuse…

Q: Where does gold (the element) come from? A. It is produced during the supernova explosions of…

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Q: If an object formed from a cloud of dust and gas is less than 0.08 solar mass, it forms a   a.…

A: If an object formed from a cloud of dust and gas is less than 0.08 solar mass, it forms a brown…

Q: A star has a temperature T = 15000K, mass M = 0.25M⊙ and luminosity L = 0.02L⊙. Sketch the position…

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Q: Astronomers studying regions like the Orion Giant Molecular Cloud have observed that a wave of star…

A: Our Galaxy is pervaded by a diffuse mixture of gas and dust that occasionally becomes denser,…

Q: The water molecules now in your body were once part of a molecular cloud. Only about onemillionth of…

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Q: As a white dwarf cools, its radius will not change because   a. pressure resulting from nuclear…

A: White dwarf is one of forms of a star in its life span. Whenever a star exhaust of its fuel, it…

Q: Two stars are in a closely orbiting binary system. The smaller star (a K-type main sequence star)…

A: The correct option. Following the mass transfer, which of the following is now true of the main…

Q: If a stellar remnant is in between 0.4 and 1.4 solar masses, the resulting object will be a   a.…

A: If a stellar remnant is in between 0.4 and 1.4 solar masses, the resulting object will be a white…

Q: A star is observed with a surface temperature of 3,000 K and a luminosity of 100,000 solar…

A: Given , Temperature = 3000 K Solar Luminosity = 100,000  Now , mass and luminosity are related by…

Q: For a main sequence star with luminosity L, how many kilograms of hydrogen is being converted into…

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Q: An M dwarf star of mass 0.1 solar masses, a radius of 0.13 solar radii and a photospheric…

A: Mass of M dwarf star, m = 0.1x solar mass M Radius of M dwarf star, r= 0.13 solar radii R  The…

Q: Pulsars CANNOT be spinning white dwarfs because   a. white dwarfs are not that common.   b. white…

A: Correct Option is   " d "

Q: Q7// a- Estimate the density of a white dwarf if it has a solar mass packed into a sphere with…

A: Hello. Since you have posted multiple questions and not specified which question needs to be solved,…

Q: mass–luminosity relation

A: The Answer to the above statement can be outlined as follows:-

Q: "Star Formation and Lifetimes" pg. 120, question 7 A star with twice the mass of the Sun would have…

A: In stars higher mass leads to higher compression. Which results higher Central density and…

Q: ased on what you have learned about galaxy formation from a protogalactic cloud (and similarly star…

A: Dark matter do not emit any radiation The pressure of an ideal gas decreases when temperature drops…

Q: 24 If the Temperature of the core of a supernova is 3200 x 1023 K, what should be the average…

A: Step 1:Step 2:

Q: Suppose you observe a tight eclipsing binary with orbital period of 3 days, and radial velocity…

A: 1. Suppose you observe a tight eclipsing binary with orbital period of 3 days, and radial velocity…

Q: Which of the following nuclear fuels does a one-solar-mass star use over the course of its entire…

A: Required : Elements formed in 1 solar mass star.

Q: If the expanding layers of a supernova move at a constant velocity of v = 10, 000 %3D km/s and the…

A: Given: velocity of supernova v=104 km/s mass of the supernova M=2.4×1031 kg Ephoton=mc2 Time taken…

Q: The average density of the sun is 1. 4 g/cm3 What do you expect the density to be at 0.25 of Rsun?…

A: Given: The average density of the sun is ρs = 1.4 g/cm3 The radius of the sun is R = 6.9634 x 105 km…

Q: A G0 III star with a mass of about 1 M⊙ sits on the horizontal branch. Horizontal branch stars are…

A: Given information: The mass of the star (M) = 1 M⊙ The luminosity of the star (L) = 100 L⊙ The…

Q: When two stars are in the same star system, they can affect each other’s evolution. Two stars in the…

A: Two stars in the same system might evolve at a different pace, depending on their distances in the…

Q: A helium flash occurs a. because helium is very explosive and cannot be controlled when the…

A: Required : Why does the helium flash occur.

Q: Once carbon builds up in the Sun's core, astronomers expect our Sun to first become a red giant,…

A: Our sun is an average mass star in the main sequence. The life cycle of average main sequence star…

Q: 1.  A planetary nebula has an angular diameter of 76 arc seconds and a distance of 5100 ly. What is…

A: 1.Small angle Formula:D=αd2.06×105where, D is the linear diameterα is the angular diameter=76 arc…

Q: The luminosity class of a star tells an astronomer: O how long ago the star formed O whether the…

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Q: . Imagine a giant sphere with a radius of 1 AU surrounding the Sun. What is the surface area of this…

A: "Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three subparts…

Q: When a mass is transferred through the inner Lagrangian point in a binary system toward a white…

A: Option A is correct answer

Q: 4. What is the upper limit of a brown dwarf’s size? a. no upper limit b. 0.50 solar masses c. 0.10…

A: What is the upper limit of a brown dwarf’s size.

Q: Stars found on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram share certain features not shared…

A: The correct answer is:(e) Stars on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram all generate…

Q: The mass-luminosity relation describes the mathematical relationship between luminosity and mass for…

A: Given,mass =4M⊙ Note: We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please…

Q: Why does a solar nebula flatten into a disk instead of a sphere, even though the gravity of a nebula…

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Q: Which statement is most logical?  a Once gravity overcomes thermal pressure, nebulae cloud turns…

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Q: Assume that when a certain main sequence star becomes a giant gas, its luminosity increases from L…

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Q: 1.1) In a star's core the average mass number for ions which are not hydrogen or helium is 10. The…

A: Since you have asked multiple question, I am going to answer first question. If you want another…

Q: Astronomers us the P-Cygni line features in a spectrum of a supernova to... Select one alternative:…

A: Required :  The correct option.

Q: Place the following events in the formation of stars in the proper chronological sequence, with the…

A: The question can be solved as follows

Q: What do these three nebulae have in common? NOTE: There are multiple correct answers. Select all…

A: (1) As we know that Nebulae are made of dust and gases mostly hydrogen and helium. (2) The dust and…

Q: A group of 10 to 100 stars that formed at the same time but are so widely scattered in space their…

A: Before answering, We will discuss each of the given options.   1) Globular cluster - Globular…

Q: Which of the following statements is wrong? A. A main-sequence star is cooler and brighter than it…

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Q: For the PP chain 0.7% of the mass participating in nuclear fusion is liberated as energy which…

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Stellar evolution

We may see thousands of stars in the dark sky. Our universe consists of billions of stars. Stars may appear tiny to us but they are huge balls of gasses. Sun is a star of average size. Some stars are even a thousand times larger than the sun. The stars do not exist forever they have a certain lifetime. The life span of the sun is about 10 billion years. The star undergoes various changes during its lifetime, this process is called stellar evolution. The structure of the sun-like star is shown below.

Red Shift

It is an astronomical phenomenon. In this phenomenon, increase in wavelength with corresponding decrease in photon energy and frequency of radiation of light. It is the displacement of spectrum of any kind of astronomical object to the longer wavelengths (red) side.