Exxplain the rellation between BER and E/N_0, where E is the energy per bit, N_0 is the noise spectral density, BER is the bit error rate. What is the reason for usign channel coding?
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Exxplain the rellation between BER and E/N_0, where E is the energy per bit,
N_0 is the noise spectral density, BER is the bit error rate. What is the reason for usign channel coding?
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- A 450 kHz carrier signal is modulated with a 15 kHz modulating signal. What are its sideband frequencies?3. Some GPS receivers use 1 bit ADCS (Analog-to-digital Converters) to sample and quantize the signal i.e. the output of the ADC is simply 2 quantization levels: -1 or +1. This is typically done to save on power. (a) What is the quantization SNR? How does it compare to typical thermal noise SNR of a GPS signal before correlating with the CDMA code? (b) Justify, how come it is possible to sample the signal using a single bit and still get good performance.4. The information in an analog voltage waveform is to be transmitted over a PCM system with a F 0.2% accuracy (full scale). The analog waveform has a bandwidth of 200 Hz, and an amplitude range of -5 to +5 V. determine the following: - The minimum sampling rate needed. - The number of bits needed in each PCM word. - The minimum bit rate in the PCM signal. - The minimum channel bandwidth for transmission of this PCM signal.
- The Transfer Fcn' block can be extracted from "Commonly Used Blocks' library. The 'Constant Source Block produces a constant signal with a default value of zero.An analog signal with a bandwidth of 4.2 MHz is to be converted into binary PCM and transmit- ted over a channel. The peak-signal quantizing noise ratio at the receiver output must be at least 55 dB. (a) If we assume that P=0 and that there is no ISI, what will be the word length and the number of quantizing steps needed? (b) What will be the equivalent bit rate? (c) What will be the channel null bandwidth required if rectangular pulse shapes are used?(3) Five telemetry signals, each of bandwidth 1kHz, are to be transmitted simultaneously by binary PCM. The maximum tolerable error in sample amplitudes is 0.2% of the peak signal amplitude. The signals must be sampled at least 20% over the Nyquist rate. Framing and synchronizing require an additional 0.5% extra bits. Determine the minimum possible data rate that must be transmitted, and the minimum bandwidth required to transmit this signal.