Explain why two separate tests are generally used to diagnose HIVinfection.

Q: With the aid of diagrams, explain how the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used for detection…

A: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify small segments of…

Q: Understand the purpose of using combination therapy to treat HIVinfection.

A: Combined therapy is defined as the treatment of any disease with the use of two or more combination…

Q: Discuss the different types of general methods used to quantify viruses

A: Viruses are acellular particles.

Q: Distinguish between point of care tests that can be used to diagnoseinfection and those that can be…

A: Infection is caused by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses. They invade the person’s body…

Q: Provide background information on zanamivir (antiviral drug) and determine the mode of action. Be…

A: INTRODUCTION Zanamivir Zanamivir is an antiviral drug used to treat influenza caused by Influenza A…

Q: Should antibodies tests be used to diagnose a COVID 19 infection? In what situations are antibody…

A: The objective of this question is to understand the role of antibody tests in diagnosing a COVID-19…

Q: Briefly describe the four major categories of pathogen. Which are likely to be the most homogenous…

A: Approach to solving the question:Read and understand the questions.Recall informations about…

Q: Explain what immunoaffinity extraction consists of when applied to obtaining steroids

A: Liquid chromatography (LC) and the targeted attachment of antibodies or related substances are both…

Q: This patient is at risk for infection because of his low white blood cell count. 64-year-old African…

A: Introduction  Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as…

Q: Explain the importance of determining the hemolytic pattern in identifying and isolating…

A: Of the several enzymes produced by bacteria, there are hemolysins that break down red blood cells.…

Q: 1. give vivid outline and S.O.P of the types or forms of latex agglutination and gelatin particle…

A: Agglutination tests detect antibody or antigen and involve agglutination of bacteria, red cells, or…

Q: Definition of endotoxic shock in Gram-negative sepsis.

A: Introduction:   Endotoxic shock is a multifaceted phenomena caused by the systemic release of…

Q: What two different DNA viral infections can be identifi ed with a Pap smear? Explain what…

A: Pap smear:          A pap smear is also recognized as pap test, a normal test procedure used to…

Q: Vivid outline and Standard operating procedure of Viral hemagglutination inhibition test.

A: Hemagglutination inhibition test This assay was developed by George Hirst for quantifying the…

Q: A microbiologist is working in a clinical laboratory handling samples for the detection of…

A: Biosafety levels are protective measures that are needed while working in a laboratory for the…

Q: Explain the two major drawbacks of phenotypic testing methods that require culturing the pathogen.

A: The phenotypic approaches involve identifying bacteria by taking into account their behaviour and…

Q: Define the Genetic Analysis for Pathogen ?

A: Introduction: A pathogen is basically any organism that feeds, inhabits, and reproduces within its…

Q: Describe how radioactivity is used in the diagnosis andtreatment of disease

A: Radioactivity is the phenomenon of spontaneous disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei to form more…

Q: Describe how both active and passive immunization can be used to combat tetanus.

A: Injecting the antibodies into the systemic circulation is the process involved in artificially…

Q: Immunohistochemistry is routinely used to determine specificity and identification of disease.…

A: Immunohistochemistry is a immunostaining process in which antigens in the cells are identified by…

Q: Explain the connection between plaque formation and lytic bacteriophage.

A: Viruses are obligate parasites and multiply only inside the host cells.

Q: 1. Give at least 2 serological tests used for infectious mononucleosis.

A: Introduction Infectious mononucleosis, or "mono", is an infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr…

Q: A chronic IV drug user is admitted to the hospital after a suspected overdose. During recovery the…

A: Note : Hi. Thanks for your questions. Since, you have posted multiple questions, we will solve first…

Q: Describe the mode of action of each class of retroviral agent usedto treat infection with HIV.

A: INTRODUCTION: HIV is human immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus which leads to a disease commonly…

Q: Give 2 examples of diseases requiring protective (reverse) isolation

A: In physiology, isolation is defined as the condition in which a patient suffering from infectious or…

Q: From , figure  Explain how this technique can beused to diagnose infections with group A…

A: An immune response is the type of antibody production and activates in response to foreign antigen.…

Q: 4. Whom would most likely spread COVID-19- an asymptomatic person or a symptomatic person?

A: Introduction : The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious agent that causes the disease known as…

Q: Vivid outline and Standard operating procedure of Virus neutralization test.

A: Answer:  VIRUS NEUTRALIZATION TEST is a branch of immunology where the effect of virus is reduced by…

Q: Explain why isolating a pathogen through standard culture methods may become an outdated diagnosis…

A: The term isolation refers to the separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living…

Q: What does tissue culture infective dose 50 mean? Write briefly. Calculate the percentage cytopathic…

A: Viruses are submicroscopic organisms that live and replicate only in the host cells like bacterial,…

Q: Which of the following statements are true about rubella and the administration of the rubella…

A: Options 2 & 4 are correct.  These options are correct due to; The rubella vaccine should be…

Q: Below are several of your hypotheses. Answer "true" or"false" based on whether you believe the…

A: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) disease is caused by a virus named HIV. This virus lowers down…

Q: Summarize the means by which herpes simplex infection isdiagnosed, treated, and controlled.

A: Herpes simplex virus, commonly known as HSV is the contagious infection that causes herpes. It can…

Q: What is the diffrence simular from BA in Biology and BS Biology. What jobs can I get with both? Can…

A: The main difference between a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BS) in Biology is the…

Q: Briefly discuss the process of rapid versus slow digitalization as well as the use of the antidote…

A: Digoxin immune fab is a drug that is used to treat and control digoxin toxicity. Patients with a…

Q: Identify about the Qualities of an effective vaccine.

A: The immune system protects our body from infections.

Q: Define Taxonomical aids.

A: Taxonomy is a branch of science that deals with grouping and naming things.