Q1. Explain the construction, working, advantages and disadvantages of a floating drum biogas plants. Biogas (Composition and Properties)Dry Process• Biomass is organic matterproduced by aquatic(water plants), terrestrial(land plants and theirComposition• These materials are collected while residue is left• Biofuels can be produced by heating dry wood.• 55-70% methanebehind.* 30-45% Carbon dioxide• Small pieces of dry wood are taken in the reactor• This method has been used to get charcoal.* Small amounts of N, Hz and H,SProperties• Biogas is lighter than air• Its ignition temperature is 700Cº. Flamevessel and heated in the absence of air.derivatives.• At low temperature (around 500°C) liquid fuel is• Waste from animals,* At high temperature, cellulose and lignin breakproduced while at high temperatures (aroundplants, industries anddown into simple materials.1000°C) a mixture of gases is obtained.agriculture is calledtemperature is 870Cbiomass.* Its calorific value is 4713 Kcal/m³Advantages and Applications of Biogas Advantages and Applications of BiogasProcess of Biogas GenerationProcess of Biogas GenerationTechnologyTechnologyCRGANCFodder• It can be used as fuel for cooking and lighting.• Residue of biomass can be used as fertilizer.• It burms without smoke and does not cause any• Residue of biomass is rich in proteins andBIOGASSTOREDung&urineCookinglightingBio-fertilisereye or lung diseases.can be used as animal food.BIOGAS• It keeps the environment cleanO This produces blogas(a renewable natural gas)which is cleanedcompressed and sert toa CHP plant.• It can be used as a fuel in place of diesel andwe can save around 80% diesel in this way.DIGESTER TANKBIODIGESTERLandfill Gas Based Power GenerationLandfill Gas Based Power Generation• Landfill gas is produced by the anacrobicProcess of Biogas Generation• The process is done in a digester which has a• Biogas can be produced by 2 ways(i) Wet Process (ii) Dry Processstirrer and heating system.• The biogas produced in the digester is collecteddecomposition of organic matter from municipalLandfiling waste and biogas recoveryand industrial wastes.from the top.() Wet process (Anaerobic Digestion or Fermentation)• Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion or• The residue of biomass is rich in protein and canfermentation.be used as a fertilizer and animal food.• The process is done by bacteria.• They break down animal dung(waste) or greenplants without oxygen.* At 35°C, complete decomposition of animal orTONTENhuman waste completes in 10 days. Composition of Landfill GasAdvantages and Applications of LandfillGasS.NoComponentComposition by* 1 illion tonnes of MSW can produce 1.7-2.5Volume1Methane (CH,)35-55%million m' of methane.• This methane can run an engine of 850-12502Carbon Dioxide30-44%(CO.)Nitrogen (N;)kW power to produce 65s00-10000 MWh35-25%electricity per year.Oxygen (O,)0-6%

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CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DRUM BIOGAS PLANTS:- 
Floating drum biogas plants are also known as gobar…