Using the data below from a batch test, estimate the observed yield and the decay rate of an organism growing on toluene as a substrate. Show / explain your work. Be sure to include units. Time (hrs) Toluene (mg/L) Biomass (mg VSS/L) 300 100 200 150 4 100 200 8. 25 250 16 252 24 0.1 248 36 0.1 230 48 0.1 220

In words, describe the differences you see for each organism grown at 30 C or 37 C (i.e., amount of growth, color, etc)

In a photosynthetic investigation, a student measured the following pH of the stroma and the inner thylakoid compartments of spinach leaf cells at the conclusion of the experiment.  Source of Fluid pH (mean) Standard Error of Mean (SEM) Stroma 8.2 0.75 Inner compartment of thylakoid 5.6 0.35 b. Construct an appropriately labeled graph to illustrate the sample means of the two locations to within 95% confidence (i.e. sample mean + 2 SEM).

roblem 1An aerobic biochemical process uses a CSTR w/o recycle. The feed characteristics are asfollows: Influent substrate concentration, So = 200 mg/L; half- velocity coefficient, Ks = 50mg/L; maximum, specific substrate utilization rate, k = 5 g/g- day; yield coefficient, Y = 0.5g Xa/g substrate consumed; microorganism decay coefficient, b = 0.10 day-1.1. The process goal is the production of active biomass. Determine the hydraulicretention time that the reactor should be operated in order to maximize the reactoractive biomass concentration (Xa). How does this retention time compare with theminimum solids retention time that the system can theoretically be operated?Calculate the solids retention time safety factor.2. Based on the solids retention time for maximum Xa calculated above, estimate theactive biomass concentration (Xa) and the substrate removal efficiency (E, %)

Describe how a Triple Sugar Iron agar tube would appear if the following situation was true. Please note that all items in the following list are occurring in the same tube of agar. 1. Positive for glucose fermentation 2. Negative for lactose and sucrose fermentation 3. Positive for H2S production 4. Negative for gas production

(b) (c) Explain the biological requirements for microalgal growth and the main system components for a microalgal processing plant to produce biofuel. How is the system design dependent on its geographical location? A continuous microalgal production system is being developed using a raceway design to produce biofuel from CO2 sequestration. Calculate the area of the raceway (m²) to sequester 2000 tons of CO₂ per year if the growth rate is 75mg/L-day and estimate the amount of biofuel that could be produced. Clearly state any assumptions that you make.

Calculate the doubling time of a culture of E. coli that is started with 3x105 CFU/mL and grows to 4.6x108 CFU/mL in 3 hours. Be sure to use units in your answer.

DATA Record all masses to the maximum number of Run 1 Run 2 sig figs 200°C 400°C 1. Mass of beaker 81.061 27.986 2. Mass of beaker + NaHCO3 85.457 32.267 3. Initial mass of NaHCO3 4.476 4.292 Mass of beaker plus products after heating. 4. 84.3 80 30.742 5. Mass of product (actual yield) There are three theoretically possible chemical reactions that could occur during the thermal decomposition of baking soda. 1) sodium bicarbonate (s) → sodium hydroxide (s) + carbon dioxide (g) 2) sodium bicarbonate (s) → sodium oxide (s) + carbon dioxide (g) + water (g) 3) sodium bicarbonate (s)→ sodium carbonate (s) + carbon dioxide (g) + water (g)

use these OD numbers to plot growth curve for E. coli K12- and estimate generation time for this culture. Table 1. Absorbance (O.D.600) measured for growing culture of E. coli K12 (time course) Incubation time O.D.600 Incubation time O.D.600 O min 3 hrs 3 hrs 30 min 4 hrs 4 hrs 30 min 5 hrs 5 hrs 30 min 0.11 1.75 30 min 0.20 1.94 1 hr 1 hr 30 min 2 hrs 2 hrs 30 min 0.27 2.24 0.51 2.48 2.31 2.19 0.65 1.30

In disc diffusion studies, where will the lowest concentration of the tested chemical be in the agar plate? in the agar directly below the disc O in the agar halfway between the disc and the petri dish wall O in the agar furthest away from the disc the cehmical is equally distributed throughout the agar