Examples of endergonic and exergonic reactions in microbial metabolism in terms of thermodynamics?

what is the first and 2nd law of thermodynamics? define and what are the implications of those laws?

Which of the following statements is most directly described by the first law of thermodynamics? A B с D The synthesis of highly-ordered biomolecules is coupled with the production of heat energy. All energy-transferring processes involve the loss of some of that energy into an unus- able form. Enzymes reduce the activation energy of chemical energy by stabilizing substrates at their transition states. The energy for the synthesis of glucose is provided by the absorption of light energy in chlorophyll pigments.

The existence of life is dependents on bioenergetics to overcome the restrictions of thermodynamics. What does the term bioenergetics mean? Provide one well-structured example of how bioenergetics provides the necessary conditions required for life to exist given the restrictions of thermodynamics.

Discuss the following statement: “enzymes and heat are alike in that both can speed up reactions that—although thermodynamically feasible—do not occur at an appreciable rate because they require a high activation energy. diseases that seem to benefit from the careful application of heat—in the form of hot chicken soup, for example—are therefore likely to be due to the insufficient function of an enzyme.”

The condensation reaction catalyzed by ß-ketoacyl-ACP synthase synthesizes a four-carbon unit by combining a two-carbon unit and a three-carbon unit, with the release of CO₂. What is the thermodynamic advantage of this process over one that simply combines two two-carbon units? The reaction is reversible and does not require the input of ATP. The exergonic release of CO₂ drives the irreversible reaction in the direction of fatty acid synthesis. The release of CO₂ is endergonic and results in the production of ATP. The reaction is endergonic and requires the input of ATP.

Using glucose metabolism, justify the following statement: Metabolic pathways are highly interdependent and are exquisitely controlled by enzyme activity levels and substrate bioavailability.

In thermodynamics of microbial metabolism how is it used to design biotechnological processes?

what is the importance of the first law of thermodynamics in biological systems, especially living organisms?

Explain IN DETAIL the process of Kreb’s Cycle.  Include the overall equation, location, products, by-products, and reactants.