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- In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.22 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, cp = 4000 J/kg-K, μ = 2 × 10³ kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m². q'" = W/m² i Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. Tso = °C Physical Properties Mathematical FunctionsIn the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.22 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as ρ=ρ= 1000 kg/m3, cp=cp= 4000 J/kg·K, μ=μ= 2 × 10-3 kg/s·m, k=k= 0.8 W/m·K, and Pr=Pr= 10.In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.21 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, c, = 4000 J/kg-K, µ = 2x 103 kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m². q! = i W/m? Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. i °C S,0
- In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.21 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, cp = 4000 J/kg-K, µ = 2x 10-3 kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m2?. q = i W/m? Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. i °CIn the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.17 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, cp = 4000 J/kg-K₁ μ = 2 x 10°³kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m²2. q" = i W/m² Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. T₁,0 = i °C Physical Properties Mathematical FunctionsIn the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.19 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, c, = 4000 J/kg-K, µ = 2x 10-3 kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m². W/m2 Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. T = °C i S,0 Physical Properties Mathematical Functions
- In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.19 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, cp = 4000 J/kg-K, μ = 2 × 10-³ kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m². q'" W/m² Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. = i °C 8,0In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.15 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³,cp = 4000 J/kg-K,₁ μ = 2 x 10³ kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m². q" = i W/m² Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. Tsp = i °C6. Fluid in a round tube of radius R has a temperature profile of T = To(1+ :) and a velocity profile of u = uo(1 – ). (a) Calculate the mixed mean temperature. (b) Calculate the temperature you would get if you stopped the flow, dumped all the fluid in the tube into a cup, and mixed it until the temperature was uniform. (c) Explain why your answers to (a) and (b) are not the same.
- Fully developed conditions are known to exist for water flowing through a 50-mm ID tube at 0.02 kg/s and 27°C. What is the maximum velocity of the water in the tube? What is the pressure gradient associated with the flow?Consider a flow with pressure and temperature of 1 atm and 288 K. A Pitot Tube is inserted into this flow and measures a pressure of 1.555 atm. What is the velocity of the flow?A 10 m long thin-walled stainless steel tube of diameter 15 mm is used to sterilize pharmaceutical products by heating it from 25 °C to 85 °C. A uniform heat flux is maintained on the outer surface of the tube by an electric resistance heater wrapped around it. If the flow rate of the liquid is 0.15 m/s, find the required heat flux. Is the flow in the tube laminar or turbulent? Assuming the fluid exits the tube with a fully developed velocity and temperature profile, determine the tube surface temperature at the exit. Explain the reasoning for assuming that the flow is fully developed.