Liquid ammonia is transported from a production plant to a processing center via a 0.6-m diameter pipeline at a mass flow rate of 0.15 kg/s. Surface temperature of the pipe is maintained 0°C by using a cooling jacket with ice-cold water. Ammonia enters the pipeline at -17°C and exits at -3°C. Assume the flow is both hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed in the pipe. What is the length of the pipe? 1857m
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- Milk is Pasteurized by first heating it to 71oC, and keeping it at that temperature for 17 seconds before cooing it rapidly for bottling. Fresh milk at 5oC enters the Pasteurization unit where it flows through a thin-walled stainless steel (SS) tube of 2.0 cm diameter. The inside surface of the tube is such that the flow is turbulent to promote good mixing and uniform temperature across the flow at every point along the tube. Heating is provided by passing the tube in a closed container that is filled with saturated steam at atmospheric pressure and 100oC. Hence, we can assume that the thin-walled SS tube temperature is maintained at 100oC all along its length by condensing steam over the outside surface. The flow-rate of milk is 40kg per minute (i.e. approximately 10 gallons per minute). a) What is the mean velocity (m/s) and ??? for the milk flowing through the tube between 1-2? b) What is the convective heat transfer coefficient h (W/m2K) over the inside surface of the tube? c) What…2 m^3/min of a light oil are to be heated from 20C to 100C (with zero vaporization) in an exchanger using 250 kPa steam of 90% quality. The heat losses to the surrounding air have been estimated to be 5% of the heat transferred from the condensing steam to the oil. If the steam condensate leaves at its saturation point, what mass of steam perhour will be used in the exchanger? For light oil, Specific gravity= 0.88Specific heat= 2.00 kJ/kg-KFor steam at 250 kPa,Saturated liquid: hf= 535.49 kJ/kgvf=0.001067 m^3/kgSaturated vapor: hg= 2716.8 kJ/kgvg= 0.7188 m^3/kgEthylene glycol with a mass flow rate of 0.01 kg / sec flows in a thin-walled pipe with a diameter of 3 mm. The pipe is in the form of a serpentine, and was lifted into a well-mixed water bath at 25 ° C. Calculate the heat transfer and pipe length required for the fluid to enter the pipe at 85 ° C and exit at 35 ° C?
- Heat transfers Air is to be heated from 15 C to 270 C, as it flows through a tube 25mm diameter at average velocity 30 m/s. The tube surface is maintained at 280 C and the air is to be provided at rate 0.013 kg/s. Take the water properties k=0.0336 W/m.C , υ = 25.9× 10-6 m2/s , Cp=1.014 kJ/kg.C , ρ = 0.8826 kg/ m3 , Pr=0.689 . Determine the following The necessary tube length Heat transfer coefficient Heat transfer rateWater with a mass flow rate of 0.002 kg/s at 18oC flows inside a tube while the flow is already developed hydrodynamically. The inner diameter of the tube is 1.5 cm, and the inner pipe wall temperature is maintained uniformly at 125oC. Calculate the required tube length to increase the water temperature to 82oC.Q 2- The Nusselt number for flow in a tube is given by Nu = C₁ Rea Prb where the constants, C1, a, and b are 0.023, 0.8, and 0.3, respectively. Estimate a mass-transfer coefficient for moist air flowing in a 30 cm tube with a diameter of 10 cm at the rate of 0.3 m3/s. Assume standard air, Prandtl number is 0.7 and unity Lewis number.
- Fill in the blanks: A heat exchanger was installed purposely to cool 0.50 kg of gas per second. Molecular weight is 32 and k = 1.32. The gas is cooled from 150°C to 80°C. Water us available at the rate of 0.30 kg/s and a temperature of 5°C. Calculate the exit temperature of the water in °C. °CA small-scale Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system uses a rigid tank, whichhas been sized to 1m3. The air storage helps support various fluid power (pneumatics)requirements, but also serves for energy storage (when fully charged).The tank sits in a plant room having a temperature of 25oC at 1 atmosphere (101.325kPa).When delivered new and installed the tank (and the ambient air it contains) is assumedinitially at the same steady state conditions in the plant room. The tank can be filled with(dry) air to a maximum pressure of 300bar. When left in the plant room, the pressurised airtank eventually attains the plant room temperature.You may assume:> Steady state conditions apply> Negligible changes in kinetic and potential energy> Thermal mass of the tank (metal) is negligible Apply the ideal gas equation and calculate the mass of 25oC air (units: kg) in the fullypressurised tank.A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is used to cool compressed liquid methanol from 176 °F to 104 °F. The methanol flows on the shell side of the exchanger. The coolant is water that rises in temperature from 50 °F to 86 °F and flows within the tubes at a rate of 68.9 kg s-1. Finding the appropriate thermophysical data and applying the proper equations, you are required to do the following:
- 4. An experimental test rig is used to examine two-phase flow regimes in horizontal pipelines. A particular experiment involved uses air and water at a temperature of 25°C, which flow through a horizontal glass tube with an internal diameter of 25.4 mm and a length of 40 m. Water is admitted at a controlled rate of 0.026 kgs-¹ at one end and air at a rate of 5 x 104 kgs¹ in the same direction. The density of water is 1000 kgm3, and the density of air is 1.2 kgm-³. Determine the mass flow rate, the mean density, gas void fraction, and the superficial velocities of the air and water. Answer: 0.02605 kgs-1, 61.1 kgm ³, 0.94, 0.822 ms-1, 0.051 ms-1A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is used to cool compressed liquid methanol from 176 °F to 104 °F. The methanol flows on the shell side of the exchanger. The coolant is water that rises in temperature from 50 °F to 86 °F and flows within the tubes at a rate of 68.9 kg s1. Finding the appropriate thermophysical data and applying the proper equations, you are required to do the following: (a) Calculate i) methanol mass flow rate in the exchanger, ii) methanol volumetric flowrate at the inlet of the exchanger. (b) i) For the counter-current flow of the fluids calculate the log temperature difference, ii) explain the purpose of calculating this difference, iii) explain, quantitatively, why is the counter-current flow in heat exchangers preferred to co-current flow. mean4. An experimental test rig is used to examine two-phase flow regimes in horizontal pipelines. A particular experiment involved uses air and water at a temperature of 25°C, which flow through a horizontal glass tube with an internal diameter of 25.4 mm and a length of 40 m. Water is admitted at a controlled rate of 0.026 kgs¹ at one end and air at a rate of 5 x 104 kgs-¹ in the same direction. The density of water is 1000 kgm 3, and the density of air is 1.2 kgm 3. Determine the mass flow rate, the mean density, gas void fraction, and the superficial velocities of the air and water. Answer: 0.02605 kgs-¹, 61.1 kgm-³, 0.94, 0.822 ms-¹, 0.051 ms-¹