During stressful situations, some cells in the body convertglycogen to glucose. What effect does this conversion haveon cellular osmotic balance? Explain how cells handle thissituation.
Q: Do you think the protein that binds to miltefosine would also bind to a triacylglycerol molecule?…
A: Protein binding enhances antimicrobial activity, eliminates drug delaying, and restricts tissue…
Q: If lactic acid is the buildup product of strenuous muscle activity, why is sodium lactate often…
A: Lactic acid : it is a chemical byproduct of anaerobic respiration - the process by which cells…
Q: What are the common metabolic responses to cytosolic acidosis and which stresses cause this symptom…
A: The buildup of acid in the bloodstream is known as acidosis. it basically refers to the axis of acid…
Q: Insulin, a hormone release in large part due to carbohydrate consumption and subsequent…
A: Insulin is an essential hormone produced by beta cells of pancreatic islets. The insulin controls…
Q: Fatty acids appear to stimulate insulin secretion to a much greater extent when glucose is also…
A: Long chain fatty acids potentiate glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Fatty acids don't trigger…
Q: Why do some people call GLUT4the training glucose transporter?
A: The pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. It is called the exocrine gland because it…
Q: adrenaline adenylyl cyclase CYTOSOL GDP ATP dissociated R-subunit of PKA CAMP inactive PKA active…
A: The cell signalling process is the medium of communicating between different cells in our body and…
Q: What accounts for the fact that liver phosphorylase is a glucose sensor, whereas muscle…
A: Glycogen phosphorylase breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate. The liver is the site for the…
Q: Urea formation is energetically expensive, requiring the expen- diture of 4 mol of ATP per mole of…
A: Urea cycle is the conversion of toxic product of protein metabolism, which is ammonia, is converted…
Q: Explain why adipocytes need glucose as well as fatty acids in order to synthesize triacylglycerols.
A: Triacylglycerol is the main component of body fat in humans and other animals (as well as vegetable…
Q: Explain why insulin is required for adipocytes to synthesize triacylglycerols from fatty acids.
A: Insulin signaling is required for storing energy in the form of fats in humans. Even though de novo…
Q: During periods of prolonged exercise, muscles burn fat released from adipocytes in addition to…
A: When exercise or work is done by animals, there is an expenditure of some compound, which in this…
Q: Diets that severely restrict carbohydrate intake often result in ketosis for the dieter. Explain why…
A: Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for cells. Carbohydrates are stored in the form of…
Q: How glucose mobilization is controlled by cell signaling?
A: Glucose is obtained from the breakdown of carbohydrates and is necessary for the production of…
Q: Compare the amount of ATP formed during the metabolization of glucose, proteins and a fatty acid…
A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway, in which glucose is metabolized to form ATP and NADH. The end…
Q: effects of ketosis in the body
A: Ketosis can be defined as the process that occurs when our body does not have enough carbohydrates…
Q: A mature glycogen particle typically has 12 tiers of branches with 2 branches per tier and 13…
A: Glycogen is defined as a polysaccharide of glucose, which is multibranched and thus, is a source of…
Q: What would be the effect on fatty acid synthesis of an increase in intramito- chondrial oxaloacetate…
A: An increase in the level of oxaloacetate would cause the oxaloacetate to be converted to acetyl-CoA,…
Q: What is the ionization state of phosphoric acid in the cytoplasm? Why is phosphoric acid such a…
A: Phosphoric acid is a phosphorus-containing inorganic acid that is colorless and odorless. Phosphoric…
Q: In Type I diabetes, the Beta cells of the pancreas produce little to no insulin. What effect does…
A: In type 1 diabetes our immune system attack and deatroy our insulin producing beta cells of…
Q: Rapamycin has been shown to reduce adiposity in mice, at least in the short term. Why then have we…
A: Rapamycin is a macrolide immunosuppressant that is used to prevent rejection of graft tissues after…
Q: describe a ketogenic diet. what are the pros and cons of such a diet. how is ketosis related to…
A: The ketogenic diet has become popular recently. This very low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet is…
Q: Which of the following would produce the fastest response to G-protein activation? а. cyclic GMP…
A: Secondary messenger/second messenger is the molecule, which is produced upon the activation of any…
Q: What enzyme(s) control the total levels of cGMP in a cell? Is guanylyl cyclase one of the enzymes?
A: Cyclic GMP or cGMP is a second messenger molecule during the process of signal transduction.
Q: During hyp[erglycemia or diabetes - what two regulatory enzymes are active? Why are they active?
A: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic sickness commonly known as diabetes, all the more properly an issue…
Q: In Alzheimer’s disease, nerve cell death is associated with the accumulation of aggregates of…
A: Alzheimer’s disease is the brain disorder in humans. This disorder is irreversible and affect the…
Q: Gierke disease (glycogenosis) arises in the inherited defect of glucose-6- phosphatase and is…
A: Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body, which is metabolized through the glycolytic…
Q: _____________, also referred to as Akt, is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates glucose…
A: Introduction: Protein kinases are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of phosphate between the…
Q: If protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is inhibited does Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 become more active?
A: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that regulates…
Q: Compare the allosteric regulation of phosphorylase in the liver and in muscle, and explain the…
A: Phosphorylase are enzymes that catalyse the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic…
Q: Experienced runners know that it is poor practice to ingest large amounts of glucose immediately…
A: Bio molecules also known as biological molecules. These are the molecules which are produced by…
Q: What is the end product of catabolism of the pyrimidine basethymine? Unlike uric acid, the end…
A: Pyrimidine catabolism occurs mainly in the liver. Pyrimidine catabolism yields highly soluble end…
Q: In some forms of diabetes, a mutation in the b subunit of the insulin receptor abolishes the…
A: Insulin is a peptide hormone developed as the body's primary anabolic hormone by pancreatic beta…
Q: In general terms, describe the intracellular processing of a typical glycoprotein that is destined…
A: Glycoproteins are considered as the protein molecules which are attached to the carbohydrate…
Q: Describe the process by which a fatty acid such aspalmitate (a C16 straight-chain saturated fatty…
A: Lipids are organic compounds which are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents they are…
Q: Under FASTING state, how do the hormonal changes bring about the effect to maintain glucose…
A: In science, homeostasis is the condition of the consistent inside, physical, and substance…
Q: This condition overrides most allosteric effectors of glycogen phosphorylase: a. Jow [ATP] Ob. High…
A: Introduction: The correct choice is option b. high blood glucose and c. High ATP ( If glycogen…
Q: When the hormone vasopressin stimulates cleavage of PIP2 by phospholipase C, two products are…
A: Introduction: The chemical curriers that involved in exchanging information between the cell of the…
Q: Pancreatic β cells express a receptor for fatty acids. Fatty acid binding to the protein appears to…
A: Fatty acids are defined as the molecules that are long and elongated chains of lipid-carboxylic acid…
Q: Explain the significance of protein turnover regulation.
A: Introduction: Protein turnover is a process by the which older proteins are replaced inside the cell…
Q: Given that ketones from ketosis are filtered in the kidney as anions, how does this lead to…
A: Ketosis is a metabolic state in which your body uses fat for fuel instead of carbs. Given that…
During stressful situations, some cells in the body convert
glycogen to glucose. What effect does this conversion have
on cellular osmotic balance? Explain how cells handle this
situation.
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- In McArdle's disease, a type of glycogen storage disease, there is a total deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. An individual with such disease is not able to exercise strenuously and experiences muscle cramps. Exercise leads to higher than normal levels of cellular ADP and Pi. Besides, lactic acid does not accumulate, as in the case of a normal individual. Explain the chemical imbalances shown in McArdle's discase.What enzyme(s) control the total levels of cGMP in a cell? Is guanylyl cyclase one of the enzymes?Explain why adipocytes need glucose as well as fatty acids in order to synthesize triacylglycerols.
- Proteolysis increases during the early phases of fasting, but later it decreases as the body adapts to using alternative energy sources. Given that feedback control mechanisms have not been described for intracellular proteases, how might you explain these apparent changes in protease activity?The “keto diet” is a dietary regimen in which carbohydrates are severely restricted, protein intake is low, and fat comprises 70–90% of daily calories. The diet causes “nutritional ketosis,” which is a different metabolic state than the ketosis that occurs in an untreated diabetic. The normal ketone body concentration is less than 0.6 mM. Explain why an individual on the keto diet may have a blood ketone body concentration of up to 3 mM. What biochemical pathways are active in an individual adhering to the keto diet? What pathways are largely inactive? Protein intake is kept low because a high-protein diet would inhibit ketosis. Explain why. Why might the keto diet lead to weight loss?Why does the lack of glucose 6- phosphatase activity in the brain and muscle make good physiological sense?
- One condition is ketoacidosis (low blood pH) which is a potentially life-threatening state, most commonly experienced by diabetics. Ketoacidosis, however, is not typically an issue for healthy people who are following a ketogenic diet. What is the difference between ketoacidosis and ketosis? Why do diabetics sometimes develop ketoacidosis, while healthy people rarely do? Healthy people are well equipped to survive on a ketogenic diet. Why is it important that humans evolved to have the ability to survive without carbohydrate nutrients?Does insulin alter glucose transport by facilitated diffusion?Pancreatic β cells express a receptor for fatty acids. Fatty acid binding to the protein appears to stimulate insulin secretion. Does this phenomenon make metabolic sense?
- Fatty acids must associate with lipid chaperones in order to move within the cell. Why are these chaperones needed, and what is the name given to a group of proteins that are responsible for this intracellular trafficking of fatty acids? What is the key distinguishing feature of these proteins that allows fatty acids to move within the cell?Why is cytosolic K+ highly concentrated when the extracellular K+ concentration is low even though K+ flow freely through leak channels?In diabetes mellitus the activation of fatty acid oxidation causes ketosis. What disorder of acid-base balance may be caused by the excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?