Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inheritable disorder that results in muscle weakness, leading to walking and breathing difficulties and heart disease. Which of the following is a valid conclusion about the Duchenne muscular dystrophy pedigree shown above? Select one: a. Only individuals I-2 and II-4 are confirmed carriers of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy allele. b. Individual II-3 can only pass on the Duchenne muscular dystrophy allele to individuals III-2 and III-4. c. Without further evidence, the genotypes of individuals II-2 and III-2 cannot be determined. d. Only individuals I-1 and II-3 are confirmed carriers of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy allele.

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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.