Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inheritable disorder that results in muscle weakness, leading to walking and breathing difficulties and heart disease. Which of the following is a valid conclusion about the Duchenne muscular dystrophy pedigree shown above? Select one: a. Only individuals I-2 and II-4 are confirmed carriers of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy allele. b. Individual II-3 can only pass on the Duchenne muscular dystrophy allele to individuals III-2 and III-4. c. Without further evidence, the genotypes of individuals II-2 and III-2 cannot be determined. d. Only individuals I-1 and II-3 are confirmed carriers of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy allele.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that causes an abnormal production of mucus which in turn can cause damage and infection to the lungs and other organs. In the following pedigree, black indicates all those persons afflicted with cystic fibrosis (square symbols are males, circles are females). There's a healthy couple and they have two children. One is a 23-year-old daughter with cystic fibrosis who is married to a 24-year-old male who is healthy. The other child is a 15-year-old son who is healthy After studying the pedigree, write a logical hypothesis suggesting the cause of cystic fibrosis in terms of dominant or recessive alleles.  On the basis of your hypothesis, write an appropriate genotype for both of the  parents.  Using a Punnett square, what is the probability of the parents having a child with cystic fibrosis?  If the daughter's husband is a carrier of cystic fibrosis, what is the probability that they have a child with cystic fibrosis? Show your Punnett square.

a) Which of the four modes of inheritance are consistent with the disease shown in this human pedigrees below? (List the compatible mode or modes) Give an answer for a, b and c b) If the parents in pedigree c have 2 other children, what is the probability that they will carry the disease?

Achondroplasia is a hereditary condition caused by a dominant allele in humans (dominant allele A). This disorder affects bone growth specifically in long bones of the upper and lower limbs by preventing the ossification of bones from cartilage. Determine the genotypes of the parents and offspring for the following family scenarios in a and b below.  Two parents who have the Achondroplasia phenotype have 4 children where 1 is normal NOTE: You must draw a Punnet square to determine the possible genotypes of te children. When two alternative genotypes are possible for an individual, indicate both.

The three genes X, Y, and Z are linked on an autosomal chromosome in humans (X to Y is 15 cM, and Y to Z is 18 cM). If an individual that is heterozygous at all three loci (XYZ/xyz) has children with an individual that is homozygous recessive at all three loci (xyz/xyz), what is the probability that they will have a child that is phenotypically identical to either parent (X-Y-Z- or xxyyzz)? Assume there is no genetic interference to double crossover events at this site.

An unaffected woman for a human disorder marries and unaffected man and they have children. This results in 3 affected sons, and one unaffected daughter, which ends up having children later on with an unaffected man and has 2 affected sons. A) Draw a simple pedigree diagram for this family, including a legend. B) What is the likely mode of inheritance of this trait: Please explain C) Provide the genotypes of the original mother and the daughter. Use a capital letter for the dominant allele and lowercase letter for the recessive allele. D) If one of the affected sons from the original marriage marries a 2nd cousin that is a carrier of this trait and has children, what is the probability that they will have 3 affected sons?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inheritable disorder that results in muscle weakness, leading to walking and breathing difficulties and heart disease. Which of the following is a valid conclusion about the Duchenne muscular dystrophy pedigree shown above? a. Without further evidence, the genotypes of individuals II-2 and III-2 cannot be determined. b. Only individuals I-1 and II-3 are confirmed carriers of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy allele.

The following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of ringed hair, a condition in which each hair is differentiated into light and dark zones. What mode or modes of inheritance are possible for the ringed-hair trait in this family? 2 II 2 3 4 5 6 II 2 3 4 5 IV