Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.
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Q: Explain the Role of proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes ?
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Q: Describe how different types of chromosomalrearrangements generate new gene products.
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Q: d)To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are…
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Q: "CELL DIFFERENTIATION" Also, cite examples to illustrate these concepts.
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Q: What is the meaning of term haploinsufficiency?
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Q: describe Genesis of an Hfr chromosome
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Q: Explain the normal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that prevents cells from…
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Q: Explain in general what is meant by a proto-oncogene and how they are involved in the formation of a…
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Q: What term is most closely associated with the term "differentiation"?
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Q: Distinguish between mutations in somatic cells versus in germ cells.
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Q: discuss briefly the concepts of: Cell differentiation Morphogenesis Pattern formation Also, cite…
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A: Cancer is the condition in which the control over the process of cell division is lost.
Q: Please explain the relationship between proto-oncogenes and the cell cycle. Then describe three…
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Q: Describe the genetic changes that convert proto-oncogenesinto oncogenes or inactivate…
A: Oncogenes can be defined as the genes which induce cancer in the organisms. These genes encode the…
Q: Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene.
A: Cancer is the state of uncontrolled cell division.
Discuss two reasons why the therapeutic use of
embryonic stem cells can present a problem.
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- Discuss the principles that govern the presence and maintenance of stem cells both in vivo and in vitro? What is the current status of the technology, and its possible applications? What are the pros and cons of the technology, and how do these issues personally affect people?Mutations in the BRCA genes have been shown to be related to a higher incidence of breast cancer in humans, and genetic tests are available that enable women to discover whether they carry versions of the gene associated with high risk. However, even early detection of breast cancer does not guarantee a cure. What considerations can you think of for and against advising women to take the tests? ·The C-myc gene is a proto-oncogene which is highly expressed in breast tissue and appears to cause proliferation of breast tissue and its elevated expression is associated with breast cancer. Based just on the ChIP data from the previous questions (also shown below), which of the three drugs (estrogen, tamoxifen and raloxifene) would you recommend for treating breast cancer? Justify your response and explain the potential side effects of each drug.
- Briefly explain the role of genetic testing and the following inherited gene mutations linked to breast cancer: ATM BRCA1andBRCA2 BRIP 1 CDH1 CHEK2 PALB2 PTEN STK11 TP531) Briefly outline the location, isolation , characterisation, benefits, and limitations of adult stem cells in TERM 2) Describe and compare the various potencies exhibited by stem cell pheno type 3) Outline the in vitro/in vivo mechanical forces that can be used to influence the quality of cell response and tissue formation obtained by TE..Looking at Figure 1, what did Romansik et al. (2007) find regarding the relationship between the mitotic index and tumor grades. Explain their findings in your own words. Use specific details from Figure 1. The research paper is here: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1354/vp.44-3-335
- There are three general categories of effects resulting from exposure to low doses of radiation. Theseare: 1. Genetic - The effect is suffered by the offspring of the individual exposed. 2. Somatic - The effect is primarily suffered by the individual exposed. Since cancer is theprimary result, it is sometimes called the Carcinogenic Effect. 3. In-utero - Some mistakenly consider this to be a genetic consequence of radiation exposure,because the effect, suffered by a developing embryo/fetus, is seen after birth.However, this is actually a special case of the somatic effect, since the embryo/fetusis the one exposed to the radiation. State the medical case occured from Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accidents and explain briefly the three above categories in each accidents including the diagnosis and treament (if applicable).Our government has finite funds to devote to cancer research.Discuss which of the following areas of research you think shouldreceive the most funding.A. Identifying and characterizing oncogenes and tumorsuppressorgenesB. Identifying agents in our environment that cause cancerC. Identifying viruses that cause cancer D. Devising methods aimed at killing cancer cells in the bodyE. Informing the public of the risks involved in exposure tocarcinogensIn the long run, in which of these areas would you expect successfulresearch to be the most effective in decreasing human mortalitydue to cancer?Discuss the challenges of producing anticancer drugs that counteract the effects of mutations in tumor-suppressor genes.
- In Metastatic Breast Cancer [such as in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Carcinoma, NOS; Breast Invasive Cancer, NOS; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Lobular Carcinoma; Breast Mixed Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma] what role does the genes Tp53 and Tp63 have? Would one of them affect the other (i.e. mutation, etc) or there is not relationship among the two genes at all.The Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. The HPV E6 and E7 proteins govern the cell via altering cellular proteins. The E6 protein interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53 and directs its ubiquitin-mediated destruction. Can you elaborate about the P63 gene: its function and if it can be altered/mutated by HPV? If it does, what is the relationship between P53 and P63? Thank you!"In most differentiated tissues, daughter cells retain a memory of gene expression patterns that were present in the parent cell through mechanisms that do not involve changes in the sequence of their genomic DNA" is true or false.