In Metastatic Breast Cancer [such as in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Carcinoma, NOS; Breast Invasive Cancer, NOS; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Lobular Carcinoma; Breast Mixed Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma] what role does the genes Tp53 and Tp63 have?  Would one of them affect the other (i.e. mutation, etc) or there is not relationship among the two genes at all.

"In most differentiated tissues, daughter cells retain a memory of gene expression patterns that were present in the parent cell through mechanisms that do not involve changes in the sequence of their genomic DNA" is true or false.

There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair/stability genes. Distinguish between these three groups, then indicate which you think RB1 belongs to.

What evidence implicates mutagenic chemicals from the outside the body in carcinogenesis, and how can one guage their contribution relative to endogenous mutagens?

during tumor progression, additional mutations occur within multiple cells of a tumor population, leading to multiple different clones of cells within that tumor. Some) but not all) clones may eventually metastasize, depending on the number and type of mutations that occur in those clones.   true   false

Read the scenario presented in the picture. The conditions employed in laboratory settings could mimic the outcomes of prolonged usage of tamoxifen and hormone deprivation therapy. We don't know much about the phenotypic profile of these newly emerged cancer cells. How might you explain the lack of response of TamC3 to tamoxifen treatment and TamR3 to estrogen deprivation?

Mutations in the BRCA genes have been shown to be related to a higher incidence of breast cancer in humans, and genetic tests are available that enable women to discover whether they carry versions of the gene associated with high risk. However, even early detection of breast cancer does not guarantee a cure. What considerations can you think of for and against advising women to take the tests? ·

Cancer-causing mutations in genes can have different effects on the protein products expressed. a) What type of mutation would be dominant in the development of cancer? Why? b) What type of mutation would be expressed as a recessive trait in the development of cancer? Why? c) Based upon your answers to parts (a) and (b), how would you treat these situations using a gene therapy approach?

The vast majority of human cancers mutations in the p53 gene. What is the function of p53 normally in the cell? What happens when p53 is mutated? Is this a gain of function or loss of function mutation?

Please answer question 8