Discuss the main categories of antigens, based on function.

Q: Describe the concepts behind the main types of immunoassays,and discuss their uses in diagnosis.

A: Immunoassay techniques allow rapid and accurate measurement or trace antigen and antibody. They use…

Q: All of the following are functions of antibodies except a. neutralization of pathogen. b.…

A: The antibody has a Y-shaped structure. It is a product of the immune system which detects the…

Q: Contrast type II and type III hypersensitivities with respect to typeof antigen, antibody, and…

A: The undesirable reactions produced by the body's immune system which includes allergy and…

Q: Identify how antigen-antibody reactions are detected and quantifi ed.

A: Antigen-antibody reaction is a chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the…

Q: Give an example of autoimmune disease.

A: The immune system is a complex system of the body that includes cellular as well as molecular…

Q: How many types of antibodies are there? (a) Five. (b) Three. (c) Two. (d) Four.

A: Antigens can be proteins, such as cancer cell receptors, sugars on bacterial and viral cell…

Q: Define the following terms  briefly ? Immunity: Immune System: Immune Response: Antigen:

A: The most prominent feature of immune system is is the feature of possessing memory. Memory is a very…

Q: Explain all immunities.

A: The immune response defends against bacteria, viruses, and substances that appear foreign and…

Q: Indentify the four major categories of hypersensitivity or overreactions to antigen.

A: Immunopathology is the condition of disease brought on by immune system failure. Life-threatening…

Q: Explain the origins of autoimmunity and which persons are most often targeted by it.

A: Autoimmunity is the body's immune reactions against its own healthy cells, tissues, and other…

Q: List characteristics of antigens that optimize their immunogenicity.

A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that are responsible for immune response in the body by…

Q: Analyze the primary and secondary responses to antigens andimmunogens, including the importance of…

A: The primary response is an immune response generated by the immune cells of the body on exposure to…

Q: Name any two diagnostic kits based upon antigen.

A: For immunology, an antigen is a chemical or chemical structure that can be connected to by an…

Q: What are the  General Categories of Immunodeficiency Diseases with  examples?

A: The immunodeficiency diseases are classified into two categories. They are: Primary immunodeficiency…

Q: Define autoimmunity, and explain some possible causes.

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to prevent the entry of harmful microbes in the…

Q: Define the following terms briefly ? Immunity: Immune System:

A: The most prominent feature of the immune system is the feature of possessing memory. Memory is a…

Q: What are the types of Immunomodulator agents?  Please explain each of them?  Please answer at your…

A: Immunomodulators are substances that operate on the pathways that control the immune system's…

Q: Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of an immunogen.

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Q: List at least three autoimmune diseases and the common immunologic features in them.

A: The disease in which the tissues of the body are attacked by its own immune system is called…

Q: Describe how the antibodies created from the immunizations render and antigen harmless

A: Antigen-It is foreign particle which enter in body and harmful for body.eg pathogens,bacteria etc.…

Q: Explain how people with autoimmunity could develop antibodiesagainst intracellular components…

A: Autoimmunity is a condition when the immune system turns hostile against its own self. A disease…

Q: Describe the concept of an antigen and how it relates to self and nonself markers.

A: An antigen is any substance that causes the  immune system to produce antibodies against it .  An…

Q: What is “Good” Antigens? Describe their characteristics.

A: An antigen is defined as any substance which induces the body to mount an immunological reaction to…

Q: Compare fi ve unique types of antigens, and explain their functions or actions.

A: "An antigen is a molecule that causes an immune response by causing an antibody to be produced."…

Q: Identify how antigen-antibody reactions are detected and quantified

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: Describe the two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain…

A: Protein molecules known as antibodies or immunoglobulins are created by the body's immune cells.…

Q: Explain a comparison of good immunogens and poor immunogens.

A: A foreign substance that invades the body and activates the immune system to release antibodies…

Q: Define an autoimmune disease, and explain howthe causative mechanism differs from a normaldefense.

A: Autoimmunity is defined as the inability of the body to distinguish between self and non-self. This…

Q: Explain the following concepts in human physiology and cite clinical instances, where applicable; a.…

A: Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is the immune system's state of…

Q: give an example of an endogenous and exogenous antigen?

A: Exogenous vs. Endogenous antigen:This refers to Where the microbial ANTIGENS are made... inside or…

Q: Determine the features of antibodies that make them particularly suited for forming complexes with…

A: The human body has about 37 trillion cells in total, although a significant portion of them are…

Q: Compare five unique types of antigens, and explain their functionsor actions.

A: Antigens are molecules that are unfamiliar to the immune system. They are recognized and bound by…

Q: Identify two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody, and explain how…

A: Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practical immunological…

Q: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare itto an epitope recognized by a TCR.

A: Given: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare it to an epitope recognized by a…

Q: Briefly indicate the role of glycoproteins as antigenic determinants for blood groups.

A: The immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known…

Q: List at least three autoimmune diseases and the most important immunologic features in them.

A: Immunology is the study of the resistant framework and is a vital part of the clinical and natural…

Q: Antibody Basic Structure Function IgM IgD

A: structure: IgM is constructed of five or six units (i.e. mostly as pentamers but also hexamers…

Q: Describe the actions of an antigen-presenting cell.

A: Antigens are foreign elements that stimulate the production of antibodies by activation of the…

Q: Explain the characteristics of antigens, the property of antigenicity,and epitopes.

A: The immune system is a complex cell and protein network that protects the body from infection. The…

Q: Compare and contrast antigenic variation and phase variation.

A: A microbe is a life form that causes sickness. The living body is normally brimming with…

Q: Explain the pathologic process in autoimmunity.

A: Immune disease are typically caused by foreign antigens while autoimmune diseases occur if a person…

Q: Describe the features of an antigen, and explain what is meant by antigenic determinant.

A: A molecule or chemical structure that can attach to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor is…

Q: Define the term: antigen

A: An immune response is a reaction that occurs within the body of an organism for the purpose of…

Q: Describe antigenic variation.

A: Antigenic variation or alteration refers to the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.