Define antigen and describe the two groups of antigens.

Q: Explain the functions  of Immunoglobulins ?

A: Immunoglobulin’s are group of proteins that transmits signal for immune response. These proteins…

Q: Explain why the immune system must distinguish betweenself and non–self.

A: The organs and processes of the body that provide resistance to infection and toxins. Organs include…

Q: how do antibodies become specific for a given antigen ?

A: A type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte recognises the antigen as being foreign and produces…

Q: What is called Acquired immunity?

A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…

Q: Describe the three processes responsible for antibody diversity, estimating the diversity each…

A: The human body comes across different antigens, hence the immune system has the potential to produce…

Q: Define antigenic variation

A: The immune response is a reaction that happens inside an organism. The major purpose of immune…

Q: how does the body differentiate between self and non-self antigens?

A: Immune systems protects a person from foreign antigens or dangerous invaders such as microbes,…

Q: describe the actions of antibodies against diseaseagents;

A: A huge, Y-shaped protein utilized by the immune system to recognize and nullify foreign substances,…

Q: Would a denatured antigen be expected to have the same epitopes as its native (undenatured)…

A: An epitope is a small part in antigen. This portion of antigen is recognized by antibody. They may…

Q: Why do individuals produce an immune response the first time they encounter the A or B antigen as an…

A: The immune system responds to antigens by producing cells that attack our system and they are known…

Q: What is an Antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

A: There are different kinds of cells for adaptive and humoral immune responses. These are studied…

Q: Describe the processing and presentation of an intracellular antigen.

A: Antigen processing and presentation is an immunological process through which the antigen-presenting…

Q: Define the Classes of Human Antibodies ?

A: Antibodies are used as a defense against various pathogens. Antibodies are used to prevent and cure…

Q: Describe the three phases of an immune response in detail.

A: Immune response - The reaction of the cells and fluids of the body to the presence of a substance…

Q: The immunogenicit

A: Immunogenicity is the ability of any immunogen/pathogen to provoke/ generate both cell mediated and…

Q: describe the chemical properties of antigens;

A: The immune response is elicited by the action of antigen and antibody followed by a cascade of…

Q: Define antigenic determinant

A: Introduction: An antigen is referred to as any substance that satisfies two different immunologic…

Q: Differentiate among antibody classes using structuralcharacteristics, distribution patterns, and…

A: Introduction  Antibodies are also known as Immunoglobulins as they resemble globulin which usually…

Q: What is the function of an antigen-presenting cell?

A: Antigen presenting cells are some type of heterogeneous group of immune cells which mediate the…

Q: Describe the typical shape and structure of an antibody. Distinguish between antibodies and…

A: Since you've asked many questions, we're only answering the first three for you. If you want any…

Q: Briefly describe the role of glycoproteins as antigenic determinants for blood groups.

A: Glycoproteins are proteins with carbohydrates attached to it. The carbohydrates that are commonly…

Q: Discuss the actions of the five types of antibodies.

A: The immune system of the body is responsible for fighting the infections in the body and providing…

Q: Define antigen. Distinguish between a foreign antigen anda self-antigen

A: The Immune system comprises a network of specialized cells, tissues, proteins and organs that acts…

Q: Define complete antigen, hapten, and antigenic determinant.

A: Immunity is a state of being well or immune. It can also be explained as resistance shown by the…

Q: Some General Features Of Antigen-antibody Interaction?

A: Antigens are substances that cause the immune system to create antibodies against them. An antibody,…

Q: give an example of an endogenous and exogenous antigen?

A: Exogenous vs. Endogenous antigen:This refers to Where the microbial ANTIGENS are made... inside or…

Q: Name the five antibody classes and describe where each is most likely to be found in the body.

A: An antibody also called immunoglobulin. It is a Y-shaped structure and it consists of four…

Q: Explain the function of glycoproteins as antigenic determinants for blood types in a few words.

A: Introduction A immune system is the responsible for protecting the body against infection. Immune…