Describe the three steps of CRISPR-Cas–mediated antiviral defense.

Q: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30134-9 a b Transduction Puromycin…

A: In this work, CRISPR/Cas9 screen designed to identify restriction factors for SARS-CoV-2, assessing…

Q: What are two examples for which HCPCS codes should be reported?

A: Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System is abbreviated as HCPCS. It is an internationally accepted…

Q: As a Master's student in a lab you are given a plasmid vector that has the lacZ operon system and a…

A: INTRODUCTION - Insert recombinant DNA into host cell is called as Plasmid vector. EXPLANATION - STEP…

Q: Why are restriction endonucleases considered a bacteria’s “innate immune system”? Why is…

A: Restriction endonucleases, also known as restriction enzymes, are enzymes that are found in bacteria…

Q: Describe the terms: Transformation Operon Recombination

A: Hello you have asked question with multiple subparts. We will be able to answer only first three.…

Q: Describe the function in prokaryotic transcription of theRNA polymerase core enzyme, sigma (σ)…

A: The first step in gene expression is the transcription, which is a common phenomenon in both…

Q: Compare and contrast the roles of crRNA and tracrRNA in the defense process against bacteriophages…

A: Cas9 in conjunction with the engineered CRISPR sequences can be used to hunt down the codes and them…

Q: Describe one way in which DNA double stranded break repair that occurs because of X-ray damage…

A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides connected together via…

Q: How can the bacteriophage T7 promoter be used to controlexpression of a eukaryotic gene in…

A: Expression vectors are designed to control the expression of particular cloned genes. The native…

Q: Define the following terms: Operon ORF Promoter Terminator polycistronic Oric Sigma subunit Pribnow…

A: In keeping with the guidelines of Bartleby and in order to provide correct and quality answers,…

Q: At the molecular level, describe how σ factor recognizes a bacterial promoter. Be specific about the…

A: A sigma factor is a protein needed for the initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria. Sigma factor…

Q: Which of the following statements is true regarding the lys2-128d reporter?  Select all that apply.…

A: INTRODUCTION Lys2-128d is a reporter allele of the Spt- gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)…

Q: Based on the mechanism of gene silencing, what featuresof transposable elements does the RNAi…

A: Genes are the stretch of DNA that code for a polypeptide chain.

Q: The Cas9 enzyme requires a short sequence called a PAM (Protospacer Adjacent Motif) for cleaving the…

A: A protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is a 2–6 base pair DNA sequence tareted by Cas9 nuclease.

Q: You are assigned to create new MRNA vaccine. You identified target protein (gene) for vaccine and…

A: An mRNA vaccine uses a type of mRNA to induce an immune response in the body example COVID vaccine…

Q: A graduate student is trying to create a more efficient in vitro transcription system. The students…

A: The sigma factor is essential for identifying and attaching to particular promoter sequences, which…

Q: Discuss the two ways a bacterium can terminate transcription:  intrinsic and rho dependent.

A: Introduction :- Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is used to…

Q: Discuss the use of reverse transcriptase in theconstruction of a cDNA library

A: The collection of cloned cDNA fragments constitute a cDNA library. It contains only DNA that codes…

Q: Two approaches for correcting single-gene defects are gene therapy such as is discussed in Section…

A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms that positioned in prokaryote as these are unicellular organisms.…

Q: Discuss the genetic switch that controls the lytic versus lysogenic path in bacteriophage lambda.

A: Gene regulatory network that shows bistable behavior is known as genetic switches. It is studied…

Q: What advantage do alternative sigma factors have for bacterial gene expression?

A: Sigma factors are dissociable subunits of prokaryotic RNA polymerase that are required for its…

Q: What is the concept behind RNAI? Explain in terms of how it works.

A: A "nucleic acid" is a linear polymer of nucleotides that is a component of the cell's information…

Q: The first person to receive gene therapy was a young girl with adenosine desminase(ADA) deficiency.…

A: Gene treatment endeavors to treat cancer or boost the body's capacity to combat illness by…

Q: both noncoding and coding). a. Which types of SNPs affect protein production or function for the…

A: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms are the specific differences in the chain of DNA in different…

Q: Which of the following statements is not true about the guide RNA (see this interactive…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the incorrect statement about guide RNA in the context…

Q: What is lac operon system?

A: Lac operon is one of the method by which a prokaryotic cell control gene expression.  The lac operon…

Q: Describe how RNA primers are removed in eukaryotes.

A: DNA replication is a process in which two DNA molecules are synthesized from a single DNA molecule.…

Q: Identify the type of ncRNA function that is pictured:

A: A non-coding RNA is a functional RNA molecule that is transcribed from DNA but not translated into…

Q: Studying mis-splicing events on a cell-wide basis (i.e., all mis-splicing events in a cell type) can…

A: Studying mis-splicing events on a cell-wide basis (i.e., all mis-splicing events in a cell type) can…

Q: 10) Scientists have engineered a simplified CRISPR-cas system for use in mammalian cells. What were…

A: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a technology that is used…

Q: The excision of benign or malignant lesions cannot be reported in addition to which of the following…

A: Repair and closure (12001 - 13160)

Q: Prior to the publication of the article from which this assay comes from (picture), the Cas9…

A: In the graphical representation of SDS-PAGE analysis, separate bands corresponding to various Cas9…

Q: During the [X) phase of CRISPR-Cas9 defense, sequences from a new bacteriophage that infects the…

A: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats abbreviated as CRISPR refers to a family…

Q: i) Suppose we want to insert the GFP sequence after the promoter of a gene X to create a fusion…

A: The CRISPR Cas9 system is a tool for cutting a DNA at a particular location. This system has 2…

Q: For what purpose the process of RNA interference has been used?

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) are polymeric organic molecules, which are essential for carrying out various…

Q: What is miRNA replacement therapy? Describe three examples of this treatment approach.

A: A Gene is a unit of heredity containing the fundamental information of life as a distinct sequence…

Q: Before inserting the blunt-ended PCR amplicon to a dephosphorylated vector, the amplicon is treated…

A: PCR or polymerase chain reaction is a technique used to amplify a given set of DNA fragment using…

Q: Suppose you cultured yeast, that you had transformed with pMZ379 plus the AVT5 sgRNA, on a plate of…

A: sgRNA or single guide RNA is an abbreviation that expands as “single guide RNA.”…

Q: n. Of the two examples, o

A: Transcription: It is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It is performed by enzymes…

Q: Does CRISPR CAS9 as a defense in bacteria only work for double stranded viral DNA? or any type of…

A: Scientists can use CRISPR to persistently edit genes in living cells and creatures and, in the…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.