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Describe the molecular mechanism by which quorum
sensing controls bioluminescence in V. fischeri.
The bacterial cell communicates with each other using signaling molecule secreted by them concerning their density. This provides ability to the bacterial cell to regulate their gene expression. The molecules secreted by the bacteria are called autoinducer. The autoinducer enters the cells directly or by binding with a membrane-bound receptor. The Vibrio fischeri is a marine bacteria that is non-bioluminescent in sea-water when free-living. This bacteria becomes bioluminescent when its cell density increases and produces blue-green light using quorum-sensing.
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- How quorum sensing controls luminescence in Vibrio fischeri?Explain Quorum sensing controls Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence.In the context of flow cytometry data: It is clear that Lactobacillus cells can be detected based on their FSC (forward scatter) and SSC (side scatter) signal since it is above the noise. Thus, they could be quantified using these parameters without staining. Give two reasons as to why anyone would bother SYBRGreen (SG) staining samples that contain heterotrophs?
- Examine the graph shown below of a liquid culture growth curve for S. pneumoniaegrowing in minimal broth containing both glucose and lactose in equal concentrations as a potential carbon source. Answer the following questions: a) Name the growth phases labelled as I, II and III, explain the observed pattern of growth at each of these stages in the curve b) Where would the concentration of cAMP be low and why? c) In what phase would β-galactosidase be high and why? d) What kind of overall growth pattern does this curve illustrate?What is Circular Dichroism? Discuss its theory and applications.In the cell wall staining experiment of Bacillus megaterium, what color can you find in a) cell wall and why? b) cytoplasm and why?
- State two growth conditions necessary for the culture of the green and purple sulfur bacteria when compared to the purple non sulfur bacteria?Prior to subculture, Tifa used a hemocytometer to count her HepG2 cells cultured on a T-25 flask. After trypsinization, she prepared her cells by mixing 50 µL of the cell suspension with 50 μL of 0.4% trypan blue. Her observation under the microscope is as shown below: 1 (1) (ii) 3 (iii) 2 (iv) 4 Note: Count cells on the four labelled squares. Include cells touching the line on top and left. 18P 06. ¿66 Ⓡ Determine the number of viable and dead cells from her observation. What is the percentage of viability of this culture? Show your calculations in detail. Calculate the concentration of viable cells per mL in the original culture. Show your calculations in detail. Based on your understanding of cell culture, do you think she should proceed with subculture? Justify your answer.What role does quorum sensing play in bioluminescence?
- A series of auxotrophic mutants were isolated in Neurospora. Examination of fungi containing these mutations revealed that they grew on minimal medium to which various compounds (A, B, C, D) were added; growth responses to each of the four compounds are presented in the following table. Give the order of compounds A, B, C, and D in a biochemical pathway. Outline a biochemical pathway that includes these four compounds and indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations. Compound Mutation number А в С A D 134 276 987 773 772 146 333 123 + + I +Outline the role and mechanism of the quorum sensing (QS) system, LasI/LasR and RhlI/RhlR in P. aeruginosaSydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic acid Indole glycerol phosphate Indole Tryptophan trp-1 − − − − + trp-2 − − + + + trp-3 − − − + + trp-4 − − + + + trp-6 − − − − + trp-7 − − − − + trp-8 − + − − + trp-9 − − − − + trp-10 − − − − + trp-11 − − − − + Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations.