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3. Describe the evolution of brain morphology of vertebrate groups in reference to their adaptive mechanisms
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- 1. Explain the nervous system of Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus), its brains and neurons and describe its uniqueness to other avians species?2. Describe, compare and contrast movements in the major annelid groups: surface crawling in polychaetes, burrowing in oligochaetes, and "inch- worming" in hirudineans. Be sure to address: means of attaching to substrate, muscles employed, and the role of parapodia, setae, and the coelom.7. Myriapods, branchiopods and remipedes have all been considered possible sister groups to the insects. What similarities do insects share with each of these three groups, respectively? How do ecological scenarios for how and when insects moved on to land differ among them? Which of these groups appears to be closest to insects based upon DNA sequence data?
- 1. Why are invertebrates vital component of the ecosystem? Cite 5 specific examples (name of invertebrate and their significance in the ecosystem). 2. Discuss and defend the attributes you would use to define biological success among animals. Are humans a biological success by these standards? Why?1. What is the genetic link between Amphioxus and humans? 2. What is the significance that all species described in these films (Amphioxus, sharks, and humans) belong to the same Phylum? 3. What is the significance that sharks have the same three brain regions as humans? What is the explanation for that?7. Primates have prehensile hands (and sometimes they have prehensile feet). What does this mean? OA. They have five digits on each hand and foot. B. They have nails rather than claws. C. Their hands are adapted for seizing or grasping. OD. They have an opposable thumb, which allows for a precise grip. O 17:48:40 q W SIS y U
- 4. Compare the overall body structure of the cave fish and the minnow below. cave fish minrow P. * a. What is the biggest, most obvious difference between the body structure of these two fish? b. Assume the two fish came from the same original ancestor. Why might the cave fish have evolved without eyesight? c. What kind of sensory adaptation would you hypothesize the cave fish has to allow it to navigate in a cave, including catching and eating food?1. Describe the range of variation in the nervous systems of invertebrates.1. Describe the general shape of the frog's brain and the arrangement/sequence of its parts. 2. Explain how the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and the sensory structures with which each brain division is concerened to have developed to meet sensory requirements for amphibian life on land.
- 4. Describe how the scales are arranged on the trunk & tail of a tilapia.5. Explain how the swim bladder controls buoyancy.1. Observe the behavior of the live goldfish. Note the movement of the operculum. What is its function? Does a shark have an operculum? 2. Examine the model of the bony fish. Compare the fins, shape of the tail, scales and other external features with the shark. How do the fins of fish contribute to the evolutionary story of animals evolving to life on land? 1. Observe and compare the features of the amphibian specimens. 2. The frog will be used to review vertebrate anatomy. Begin by examining the thin skin of the frog. How does it compare to the skin of a reptile? Would the frogs skin help protect it against water loss? How is the frog able to supply its body tissues with enough oxygen even if there is some mixing of oxygenated deoxygenated blood? Amphibian, literally means “living on both sides”. Explain why amphibians have that name. What characteristics do reptiles have that make them more suited for terrestrial life than amphibians? Why are birds thought of as flying…Which of the following is not a characteristic of all chordates? a. notochord and postanal tail b. segmental body wall and tail muscles c. segmented nervous system d. dorsal hollow nerve cord e. perforated pharynx