Describe the effects of the over-expression of mdm2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis on cell signaling pathways and metabolism or cell cycle control.

Q: Describe the steps involved in the Direct Gene activation system. Give an example of a hormone that…

A: Steroid and thyroid hormones can diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and use the…

Q: Describe the consequences of ER-lumenal accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins in a…

A: The endoplasmic reticulum is considered to be the main site for protein synthesis. Maturation of…

Q: The gene that encodes the enzyme called tyrosine hydroxylase is known to be activated by the CREB…

A: The central dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of genetic information through the…

Q: The GA(T>C)A mutation in the Duffy promoter impacted expression of Duffy in the following cell…

A: The promoter is the region where the RNA polymerase binds during the transcription i.e. synthesis of…

Q: Discuss the role of chromatin proteins in regulating gene expression. How does the three-dimensional…

A: Chromatin is a part of the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell. This highly organized complex of DNA and…

Q: Describe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) including its cause and symptoms. Then, explain why DMD…

A: Myotonic dystrophy is a type of muscular dystrophy that affects the muscles as well as other body…

Q: If some cell-surface receptors, including Notch, can rapidly signal to the nucleus by activating…

A: The biological cells are a hub of metabolic activities. These cells interact among themselves to…

Q: Although signal transduction pathways are modeled mostly by ----------, there are some underlying…

A: Cell signaling pathways collaborate with each other to frame networks in mammalian frameworks. Such…

Q: You are a scientist studying two related congenital diseases, Noonan syndrome and Tiger syndrome.…

A: We will solve the first question for you. If you want any specific question to be solved then please…

Q: Members of a family are affected by a hereditary inflammatory and immunodeficiency disease. The…

A: Co-dominance:Co dominance is when the both genetypic alleles are seen in phenotype. Dominant…

Q: Part of the Ras protein is associated with the plasma membrane, and part extends into the cytoplasm.…

A: Ras are a family of small GTPases that are involved in signal transduction part of the cell…

Q: Describe briefly the generation of the active form of the transcription factor NFAT. Include the…

A: Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a Ca 2+/calcineurin-regulated…

Q: Using CREB and nuclear receptors as examples,compare and contrast the structural changes that…

A: Transcription factors are defined as the protein responsible for controlling the transcription rate…

Q: in a fat cell what is the result of activation of genes by PPAR gamma/activator proteins binding?…

A: Peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor(PPAR) gamma is a  nuclear receptor of subfamily 1,group…

Q: What happens in the patched-smoothened signaling system if the hedgehog is NOT present?  A. In the…

A: A gene is a genetic molecule that is passed down from one generation (parents) to the next…

Q: A certain nonsense suppressor corrects a nongrowingmutant to a state that is near, but not exactly,…

A: A nonsense suppressor mutation can influence the effects of nonsense mutations. It is usually a…

Q: iRNAs are used to “knockdown” gene expression in research. Imagine you are a scientist who hopes to…

A: siRNA: si RNA stands for silencing or short interefing RNA is a double-stranded noncoding RNA that…

Q: The researchers claim that treatment with a compound that inhibits dephosphorylation of the…

A: Signal transduction is a series of cellular and molecular processes through which a physical or…

Q: Describe the ATM-p53 repair pathway in normal cells and cancerous cells

A: Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanism of cell death, which is important for the…

Q: Please explain the role of gene expression in the process of a stem cell differentiating into a…

A: Gene expression is the process of central dogma where protein is formed from DNA. Stem cells have…

Q: How is the signal generated by binding of TGF-β to cell-surface receptors transmitted to the…

A: TGF-β is a cytokine of the transforming growth factor family of signaling molecules with multiple…

Q: Describe an example of a pathological condition that results in mutants genes that control…

A: The table format allows for a concise presentation of the inducer, its pathway components,…

Q: About the role of Ran-GAP and Ran-GEF for the unidirectional transportation of the cargo proteins…

A: Ran is a nuclear protein that is related to RAS and is also known as a GTP-binding nuclear protein.…

Q: What region would provide cell type-specific expression of genes? region  What site would…

A: The mRNA is given in the figure. The mRNA undergoes the process of translation to produce protein.

Q: A normal cell has no growth factor bound to the growth factor receptor. What do you predict about…

A: The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is an important pathway that cells use to…

Q: How does each of these small GTP-binding proteins contribute to the regulation of cell migration?

A: GTP bonding protein also known as G protein.G protein is present in eukaryotic and classifieds into…

Q: Complete the sentences about cell signaling using the words and phrases. (Not all words and phrases…

A: The process by which cells interact with other cells in their body or with the outside environment…

Q: What is the difference in time between signaling pathways that affect protein function vs. pathways…

A: Cells respond to the external environment or stimulus by activating a signaling pathway. It leads to…

Q: Describe how mutations in genome maintenance factors promote tumorigenesis. Why would inactivation…

A: The cells are basic units of life. When any mutation in the gene takes place due to any radiation or…

Q: Based on the labels you should be able to recognize the characteristic structure depicted below and…

A: Introduction The Process Of Turning Nucleic Acid Information Into Amino Acids Is Known As…

Q: In a patient with a constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinase that increases the activity of…

A: Tyrosine kinase is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in cell signaling pathways by adding a…

Q: How does the activity of human p53 get regulated through the interaction of the transactivation…

A: p53 is basically a transcription factor that helps in suppressing the growth of the tumor. This…

Q: a hormone receptor gene is deleted from the genome of a cell.in the absence of the hormone,what…

A: A hormone receptor is a receptor molecule that binds to a specific hormone. These receptors could be…

Q: As a cancer researcher, which segment of the signal transduction pathway would you target to prevent…

A: As a cancer researcher, targeting the signal transduction pathway can be an effective approach to…

Q: Dr. Jace is a research officer in a laboratory that studies anticancer treatment. She is interested…

A: The maintenance of tissue homeostasis and embryonic development both include the natural…

Q: Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene but if p53 gets mutated then this protein is not able to bind to the…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.