Define the following terms: a. growth factors b. cytokine c. second messenger d. enzyme cascade e. desensitization

In the antibody-mediated immune response, the binding of some antigen-presenting B cells to helper T cells initiates a signal transduction pathway that transforms the B cells into plasma cells, which will synthesize and secrete large quantities of antibodies-a specialized subset of proteins responsible for attaching to the antigen on the outer surface of pathogens. Which of the following describes the most relevant intracellular change to B cells as they are transformed into plasma cells? A B a breakdown of some membrane-bound proteins to allow synthesized antibodies to more readily diffuse across the membrane of the plasma cell с an increase in the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in order to allow the binding of a large number of ribosomes for antibody synthesis D an increase in the number of lysosomes in order to facilitate the storage of synthesized antibodies ahead of their transport out of the cell an increase in the volume of the mitochondria in order to increase…

12. Which statement regarding cell-surface receptors is correct? A) lon-channel-coupled receptors alter the membrane potential directly by changing the permeability of the plasma membrane. B) G-protein-coupled receptors are polypeptides with seven transmembrane domains. C) After binding their ligand, G-protein-coupled receptors interact with intracellular GTP-binding proteins, later initiating signal transduction events. D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: Explanation:

Which organelle do phagocytes use to digest engulfed particles? a. lysosome b. nucleus c. endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondria

Which components are considered a barrier to pathogen entry? all that apply Select one or more: a. PRRs b. plasma cells c. mucus d. lymph nodes e. lysozyme

Please explain the correct answer