Interferon alpha and beta are released by virally infected cells to warn nearby cells about the virus and try to prevent spread. This is an example of  _____ signalling

An example of the immune system's first line of defense involves B-cells producing antibodies a. b. Macrophages engulfing bacteria O C. killer T-cells destroying the cell membrane of bacteria O d. Stomach acid destroying bacteria in food O

Explain Which Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called ________. a. endocytosis b. opsonization c. anaphylaxis d. complement activation

An essential property of the immune system is self-regulation. An immune response that is not adequate can lead to immunodeficiency, whereas an immune response that is excessive can lead to conditions from allergic responses to autoimmune diseases. Which of these is not an example of a breakdown of the self-regulation of the immune system?a. Multiple sclerosisb. Huntington diseasec. Systemic lupusd. Fibromylagia

During the chemotaxis phase of the inflammatory response,a. C-reactive protein is secreted by damaged parenchymal cells in the tissue, which attracts neutrophils, which secrete leukotrienes and prostaglandins to attract macrophages; a purulent exudate is formed.b. Band cells respond to hyperthermia by producing TNF-α and interleukins, which then cause a left shift that results in the accumulation of neutrophils within the tissue.c. Damaged parenchymal cells release prostaglandins and leukotrienes to attract macrophages, causing a left shift and the formation of a purulent exudate.d. Cytokines, such as TNF-α, are released by damaged parenchymal cells, while leukotrienes and prostaglandins produced by neutrophils cause smooth muscle constriction and the further accumulation of leukocytes.

Which type of immune response works in concert withcytotoxic T cells against virally infected cells?a. natural killer cellsb. complementc. antibodiesd. memory

Which of the following receptor types will trigger the release of cytokines in macrophages? O A. Mannose Receptors B. Scavenger Receptors O C. Glucan Receptors O D. Toll-like Receptors O E. C-type Lectins

Complement must be inactivated because if it were NOT, A. protein synthesis would be inhibited, thus halting important cell processes. В. necessary interferons would not be produced. C. viruses could continue to multiply inside host cells using the host's own metabolic machinery. D. it could make holes in the body's own cells.

Skin cells infected with the herpes virus can present endogenous viral antigens on what receptor? A. BCR В. MHC || C. MHC I D. CD8