Interferon alpha and beta are released by virally infected cells to warn nearby cells about the virus and try to prevent spread. This is an example of  _____ signalling

Q: How does HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)/lead…

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses causes AIDS.This is the condition where gradual failure of immune…

Q: IFN mediate their activity by a. Establishing antiviral state b. Down regulating the expression of…

A: Answer is option c

Q: pattern recognition receptor is cell receptor on a. cytokine b. monocyte c. epitope d. A and B

A: Pattern recognition receptor is found on the cells in our immune system.

Q: The reason why therapeutic anti-IgE is able to suppress allergic responses is that _____. a.…

A: The immune system is what protects your body from sicknesses and infections. It's the real system…

Q: T  ________cells assist in the functions of certain B cells and other Tcells.a. sensitized b.…

A: Immune responses is a specific reactivity induced in a host by an antigenic stimulus. It could be of…

Q: E-cadherin expression is___________ in the ________________cells that are situated around the edges…

A: EMT is the epithelial- mesenchymal transition.  Cells needs cadherins adhesion to other cell.…

Q: Select the correct answer from the answers provided. Which of these characteristics is not a major…

A: Some living organisms cannot be visible by the naked eye and only can be seen under the microscope.…

Q: Match the following cell types with their correct definition. ____ Macrophage a. Granulocyte that…

A: The capability of the body to recognize and fight against foreign and harmful particles is called…

Q: One known function of the cells of the thymus is to a. produce and secrete antibodies b. produce…

A: The thymus organ, situated behind the sternum and between the lungs, it is active until adolescence…

Q: Once Tfh cells have been activated against vaccine delivered intramuscularly which Constant (C)…

A: There are five classes of immunoglobulin or antibodies. All these antibodies have variable and…

Q: Given what you now know about how foreign invaders trigger immune responses, explain why mutated…

A: Humans have a well-developed mechanism to fight the foreign particles entering our bodies. This…

Q: Which cytokine does not activate NK cells early in a viral infection? a. IFN-a b. IFN-b c. IFN-g d.…

A: Interferon alpha or a is produced due to leukocytes infected with virus. Interferon beta or b…

Q: Which of the following statements is _false_ regarding phagocytosis? A. It can ingest large…

A: Phagocytosis is a process in which a cell attaches to the object it intends to ingest on the cell…

Q: Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the________.a. development of T cellsb. preparation…

A: The thymus is an organ of the immune system that is larger and more active during infancy and early…

Q: CD4 cells are ___________ cells and CD8 cells are _________ cells.a. killer, suppressor b. helper,…

A: White blood cells (WBCs) play an important role in defending the body against antigens, like…

Q: The molecule will bind to a. Viral DNA, CD4 of the T-cells. b. Viral CD4, T-cells. c. Viral gp120,…

A: Microbes including bacteria and viruses can cause infective diseases on the host. They utilize…

Q: Which of the following applies to the organization of the encircled region? a. There are about equal…

A: The encircled region in the image shows an islet of Langerhans, a cluster of endocrine cells in the…

Q: ADAM33 metalloproteinase inhibitors are sometimes co-administered with anti-tumor monoclonal…

A: A metalloproteinase is also known as metalloprotease. It is a type of protease enzyme that requires…

Q: Systemic distribution of TNF-α in the blood circulation may cause _____. a. respiratory burst b.…

A: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha), is an inflammatory cytokine produced by…

Q: Which of the following groups are not correctly matched? а. Neutrophils---antigen presenting cell b.…

A: Introduction: An immune system is a huge organization of cells and tissues that is continually…

Q: An individual B cella. produces antibodies with sites that can bind manydifferent antigens.b.…

A: Antibodies: also called as agglutinogen. These are special chemicals found in the blood which act…

Q: Antibodiesa. prevent antigens from binding together.b. promote phagocytosis.c. inhibit…

A: Answer: Introduction: Antibody is also known as immunoglobulin, a protein formed by the immune…

Q: A single antigen molecule contains multiple ________

A: The antigens are molecules/proteins that are present on the surface of a micro-organism. Certain…

Q: _______ involves successive rearrangement at the lightchain loci when reactivity to self antigen…

A: Answer is a.) Receptor Editing.

Q: When virus enters into our body, many cells acquire antiviral state due to: a Acquiring resistance…

A: When virus enters our body many cells acquire antiviral state due to INTERFERON PRODUCTION (e)

Q: Which of the following is not correct concerning interferon?a. Interferon is a protective protein.b.…

A: Answer- Interferons are the proteins that are secreted from the viral infected cells.

Q: Protein receptors found on macrophages that recognize foreign antigens a. toll-like receptors…

A: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that takes part in protecting the body against foreign…

Q: A drug that were to inhibit the activity of T suppressor cells would lead to _______. a.…

A: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) also known as supressor t cell are a specialized subpopulation of T cells…

Q: Explain the problem when a virus attacks T-helper cells

A: The immune system of our body plays a major role in protecting our body from infections by…

Q: Inflammatory cytokines a. act as opsonins. Ob. are produced only by phagocytic cells. c. facilitate…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: Maturelymphocytes are abundant in these organs as they play a central role in adaptive immunity.…

A: Immune system plays a major role in protecting our body from pathogens, harmful environmental…

Q: Which pertains to the immune response of a woman who has just inhaled a coronavirus to which she has…

A: Corona virus are a group of RNA viruses which causes disease in mammals and birds. They usually…

Q: Helper T cells do not _________. Select one: a. secrete cytokines that stimulate clonal selection…

A: The question is asking us to identify the function that Helper T cells do not perform.

Q: The type of cell responsible for the secondary response is a_________. Select one: a. mast cell b.…

A: The question is asking to identify the type of cell that is responsible for the secondary response…

Q: A young child is hospitalized with recurring bacterial infections, although she appears to make…

A: Humoral immune deficiencies are the conditions which are caused by the impairment of humoral…

Q: hich portion of an antibody provides antigen binding sites? A.Heavy chain B.Constant portion…

A: The very first antibody was discovered in the year 1890 by  Emil von Behring.

Q: Toll-like receptors (TLRS) act to A. cause phagocytic chemotaxis. B. induce phagocytosis. C. bind…

A: The immune system of any living being is important for its living or survival. When the immune…

Q: of the choices, which cells stimulate directly B cells to divide and produce antibodies? a. mast…

A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: Microbial products trigger macrophage activation. Match the receptor with the product that it binds.…

A: Toll like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in innate  immunity cells. For example in macrophages and…

Q: The first cell to initiate an adaptive immune response to a novel pathogen is _____. A. an antigen…

A: During the adaptive immune response the first cell to initiate the response to a novel pathogen is…

Q: Helper T cells can be activated by macrophages(which engulf everything indiscriminately) or by B…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: throughout history. Today, blood tests can be performed to determine if a person has developed an…

A: Influenza is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system of the body. Pregnant women,…