Ellis Engelsberg and his colleagues examined the regulation of genes taking part in the metabolism of arabinose, a sugar (E. Engelsberg et al. 1965. Journal of Bacteriology 90:946-957). Four structural genes encode enzymes that help metabolize arabinose (genes A, B, D, and E). An additional sequence C is linked to genes A, B, and D. These are in the order D- A- B- C. Gene E is distant from the other genes. Engelsberg and his colleagues isolated mutations at the C sequence that affected the expression of structural genes A, B, D, and E. In one set of experiments, they created various genotypes at A and C and determined whether arabinose isomerase (the enzyme encoded by gene A) was produced in the presence or absence of arabinose (the substrate of arabinose isomerase) by cells with these genotypes. Results from this experiment are shown in the following table, where a plus sign (+) indicates that the arabinose isomerase was synthesized and a minus sign (-) indicates that the enzyme was not synthesized. Arabinose Arabir Genotype absent prese 1. C* A* 2. C A* 3. C A*/C* 4. CA/C A*

Q: What are the factors that cause mutation?

A: Mutation is a spontaneous molecular change in the DNA sequence of a gene. There are different types…

Q: mutations

A: Change in a DNA sequence and change in a phenotype or genotype of an organism is called mutation.

Q: Define nonsense mutation and silent mutation.

A: In genetics, the mutation is defined as the process of change or alteration in the DNA sequences of…

Q: What is point mutation.give one example?

A: Mutations are the alterations or the changes that occur in the DNA. Mutagens are the agents that are…

Q: What is an anticodon, and on what kind of nucleic acid is it found?

A: An anticodon is a three-letter sequence; one which is complementary, to the codon sequence found in…

Q: that turns glutamine into

A: Glutamine and arginine are both non essential amino acid. Mutations are abrupt changes in DNA that…

Q: What is a STEMI? What is the underlying mechanism of this?

A: Introduction Myocardial infarction is also called a heart attack, it is caused by a problem in the…

Q: What is an insertion mutation?

A: Any permanent change in a sequence of DNA is termed a mutation. DNA is found in all organisms, and…

Q: What is the transformation?

A: Transformation and selection of microbes are key advances in DNA cloning. DNA cloning is the way…

Q: What is loss-of-function mutation ?

A: Mutation was the alteration of the single base pair of the DNA which results in change in the…

Q: How does an intercalating agent cause mutations?

A: If there is a mistake that occurs in the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, the process that…

Q: What are Dissociation (Ds) mutations ?

A: Dissociation mutation can be defined as the type of mutation caused by the dissociation element.…

Q: What are Activator (Ac) mutations ?

A: There is a need for several proteins and enzymes in the process of transcription. It is studied…

Q: What are base analogs ?

A: Ans: Base analogs: Analogs are refereed to as structurally similar molecules.

Q: What are neutral mutations ?

A: DNA is the genetic material in almost all living organisms. Mutations are changes in the DNA…

Q: What diseases are known to be caused by silent mutations?

A: A silent mutation is a change in sequence of nucleotide bases which constitutes DNA without a…

Q: How were chaperones discovered?

A: Molecular chaperons are proteins that assist the conformational folding or unfolding and the…

Q: Explain about suppressor mutation ?

A: Suppressor mutation is a second mutation.

Q: What triggers mutation?

A:

Q: Define about missense mutation ?

A: Mutations are changes in the DNA base sequence of any genome. Mutations can be caused naturally due…

Q: Define a mutation and explain how mutant forms are identified.

A: Any alternation in the sequence of nucleotide in the genome of any organism is known as mutation.…

Q: What type of mutation is sickle cell anemia? Explain the molecular basis of sickle cell anemia.

A: Sickle cell anemia is an abnormal condition that arises due to the mutation in the beta-globin chain…

Q: A mutation takes place that switches a codon from ACG to ACA. What type of mutation is this? A)…

A: A mutation is a random change in the DNA sequence.

Q: What are some diseases caused by misfolded proteins?

A: Proteins which are made up of amino acids have two different types of tertiary structures: alpha…

Q: frameshift mutation

A: The mutation is the sudden deleterious effects in the DNA sequences, they can arise when the DNA is…

Q: What is fusion mutation?

A: Introduction Mutation can be defined as the change in the DNA sequence or a structural change…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.