Copper-rich copper-beryllium alloys are precipitation hardenable. After con the portion of the phase diagram shown in Figure below, do the following: Composition (at% Be) 10 15 20 1000 Liquid 866°C 800 -620°C O) aunead

According to the following graph, two samples of 1080 steel are cooled from the eutectoid temperature, one at a cooling rate of 250°C/s and the other at a cooling rate of 7.27x10-8 °C/s. Specify the phases obtained and explain their formation from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Also, briefly describe their formation. Draw the microstructure of the phases obtained. Sıcaklık (C) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 10 1 T M(başlama) M(% 50) M(% 90) 10 M+O -Otektoid Sıcaklık 10² Zaman (s) % 50 10³ 104 105

A lead-tin (Pb-Sn) alloy of composition 50 wt % Sn and 50 wt % Pb is slowly heated from a temperature of 100 °C. Refer to the phase diagram provided in Figure 1 and answer the following. (i) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form? (ii) What is the composition of this liquid phase? (iii) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur? (iv) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete melting? Composition (at% Sn) 20 40 60 80 100 327°C 600 300 Liquid 500 232°C a + L 200 B+L 1400 183°C 18.3 61.9 97.8 300 100 a + B 200 H100 20 40 60 80 100 (Pb) Composition (wt% Sn) (Sn) Figure 1. Lead (Pb) and Tin (Sn) Phase diagram Temperature (°C) Temperature (°F)

Given the equilibrium phase diagram (a) below, briefly describe the mechanisms of precipitation hardening/strengthening of an aluminium alloy making reference to the transitions shown in (b) below to X, X to A, X to D, A to B and A to C. а +0 D B Time (a) (b) - anedua Temperature

Copper-Nickel alloy is widely applied in industry. (a) List at least three applications where Cu-Ni alloy is used; (b) How many components and phases are shown in the below phase diagram? (c) For a mixture of 40 wt% Cu and 60 wt% Ni at 1320 oC, what phases are present? Identify theamount of these phases by applying “lever rule”.

Based on the copper-silver phase diagram, for the alloy with 25wt% Ag-75wr% Cu at 778°C (a) Determine the phase(s), % composition, and mass fraction of each phase, and sketch the microstructure; (b) Determine the mass fraction of primary a phase and eutectic a phase. Composition tatN A 100 2200 20 40 60 80 1200 2000 Liquidus 1000 Liquid 1800 Solidus 1600 9 800 779C (7) B 1400 91.2 (Cpg 8.0 71.9 1200 600 1000 Solvus 800 400 600 200 0 400 100 20 40 60 80 (Ag) (Cu) Composition (w% A Temperature (C) w aradua

A 45 wt% Pb-55 wt% Mg alloy is rapidly quenched to room temperature from an elevated temperature in such a way that the high- temperature microstructure is preserved. This microstructure is found to consist of the a phase and Mg2Pb, having respective mass fractions of 0.65 and 0.35. Determine the approximate temperature from which the alloy was quenched. Use Animated Figure. °℃

1-The microstructural design of Iron-Carbon(Fe-C) alloys has led to the development of vast range of  steels for structural material applications. The phase diagram provide means for producing specific microstructures. Using the phase diagram below to  answer the following questions A – If the liquid mixture of Fe-3%Wt C is slowly cooled from 1600 C to 1200C indicate the phase(S) that are present at 1200 C . Also calculate the composition of the of phases.(10)           B-Describe the sequence of all  phase transformation that accour from Fe-1.5%wt C is slowly cooled from 1600 C to 400 C. Use the diagram below to to describe the microstructures for each phase transformation (10)

According to Reference [1], alloys of nickel (Ni) and tungsten (W) are can form substitutional solid solutions up to approximately 11 at% W. Consider two different alloy compositions: Ni-5W (5 at% W) and Ni-10.5W (10.5 at% W). A. Which composition should be more ductile? B. Which composition should be stronger? C. Using the oy~ C¹/2 relationship from the lecture slides, how many times larger should the yield strength be for Ni-10.5W compared to Ni-5W? D. Where should the tungsten atoms sit relative to the dislocation on or opposite the side with the extra half-plane? You will need information from Appendixes of the textbook.

Consider the binary Magnesium-Lead phase diagram below.